LECTURE 1
Part 1
Native Language Transfer in FL Learning: Interference or Facilitation?
外语学习中的母语迁移：干扰还是促进？
There are two types of transfer: Negative Transfer and Positive Transfer. Keen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning.
The caus of Interference in Negative Transfer:
·analogical u of one’s prior knowledge of the mother tongue
母语先知结构的类推运用
·scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages
对两种语言的差异所知甚少
·unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit
不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯
第一次爱的人英文Examples of Negative Transfer:
① Phonological transfer (语音迁移)
The sound /n/ does not exist in some Chine dialects and /l/ rves as a substitute. The writer likes writing at light (night).
②Morphological transfercinderella怎么读（词形迁移）
Neither nouns nor verbs have inflections in Chine.
He only eat two meal a day.
③Collocation transfer (搭配迁移)
The noun renkou, the Chine equivalent of ‘population’, can have a numerical pre-modifier. Shanghai is said to have thirteen million population.
④Syntactical transfer (句型迁移)
The verb jianyi, 丽安娜 刘易斯the Chine equivalent of ‘suggest’, can be ud in VOC pattern in Chine. He suggested me to accept this offer.
⑤Pragmatic transfer (语用迁移)
The negative reply to a compliment is considered in Chine as modest and courteous.
-- Your English is wonderful.
-- No, no. My English is still poor.
Part Two
A Contrastive Study of English and Chine 英汉语对比研究
Contrast Between English and Chine
Chine:
·Meaning-focud with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯)
·left-extending, heavy-headed like a lion
·moving point of sight
·centrifugebamboo-like ntence structure with different ctions linked and yet parated（竹式结构）
·Topic-Comment Sentence Structure
·Order of linguistic elements: relatively fixed like bamboo-making （制竹）
（语序相对固定）
English:
·Form-focud with emphasis on explicit cohesion（显性联接）
·English: right-extending heavy-tailed like a peacock fixed point of sight
·tree-like ntence structure with different parts connected like branches and sub-branches to the trunk line.（树式结构）
·Subject-Predicate Sentence Structure
·coraOrder of linguistic elements: relatively flexible like block-building （积木）
（语序相对灵活）
Example:
Chine: bamboo-like ntence structure （竹式结构）
The chunks of a ntence em to be connected and yet parated, like ctions of a bamboo linked by the joints and yet relatively independent and lf-contained.
例：从前这里有一个渔村，村里住着十户人家，这十户人家全靠打鱼、种地 为生，生活艰苦，但很安宁。
English: tree-like ntence structure （树式结构）
tree-like ntence structure with different parts connected like branches and sub-branches to the trunk line.
Eg: As a nation of gifted people who compri about one-fourth of the total population of the earth, China plays in world affairs a role that can only grow more important in the years ahead.
English 英语 constants | Chine 汉语 |
Form-focud 形态型 | Meaning-focud 语义型 flameretardant |
Right-extending 孔雀型 | Left-extending 狮子型 |
Sight-moving 视点流动 | Sight-fixed 视点固定 |
Tree-like 树型结构 | Bamboo-like 竹型结构 |
Subject-prominent 主语突出 | Topic-prominent 主题突出 |
Order-flexible 语序相对灵活 | Order-fixed 语序相对固定 |
| |
English 英语 | Chine 汉语 |
Impersonal 物称 | Personal 人称 |
Passive 被动 | Active 主动 |
Static 静态 | Dynamic 动态 |
Complex 繁复 | Simple 简单 save |
Abstract 抽象 | Concrete 具体 |
Hypotactic 形合 | Paratactic 意合 |
Plain and factual 平实 | Rhythmic and symmetrical 韵律 |
| |
LECTURE 2
1、英语的主谓提挈机制-6个基本句型
句型1： S (主语) ＋ V(谓语)
Eg: Li Ming works very hard.
句型2：S (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
Eg: This kind of food tastes delicious.
句型3：S (主语) ＋ V (谓语) ＋ O (宾语)
Eg: He took his bag and left.
句型4：S (主语)＋V (谓语)＋ Indirect object＋Direct object
Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday prent.
句型5：S (主语)＋V (动词)＋O (宾语)＋C (补语)
You should keep the room clean and tidy.
句型6：There be + S+ el
There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.
2、汉语的“话题”及界定（主语后+是不是）图文设计
3、汉英翻译中的主语转换问题
① 对应 Equivalence
苏轼是位才华横溢的文学家。
Su Shi was a writer with superb talent.
② 转换 Shift
词类转换式主语转移
我们的自然科学比较落后，要努力向外国学习。
In natural sciences, we are rather backward and here, we should make a special effort to learn from foreign countries.
推导式主语转移
我的法语看报很吃力，你呢？
人生遥控器快播I can’t read newspaper in French without difficulty, how about you?
