中高级翻译英译汉使用技巧讲解(1)翻译练习
Commercial cargoes are transported by highway, water and rail . One recent innovation is "containerized" cargo. At the factory, crates of goods are placed in large metal containers on wheels , and the containers are aled and hitched to trucks to be taken to railroad centers or ports , where large cranes lift them on to freight cars, barges or ships.
商业货物由公路,水路与铁路来运输,近来发明了"集装箱"货运. 在厂家就把货物装入带轮子的大型金属集装箱内,装箱密封后,挂在卡车后拉到铁路编组站或港口,用大吊车装上货物车厢,驳船或轮船.
Crime is partly a result of bad material conditions : certainly it is most prevalent among people who lives are not satisfactory in obvious ways---people without a ttled home , with parents parated or divorced , victims of various kinds of misfortune , including poverty and lack of education . But bad social conditions , in the obvious material n , can hardly be accepted as the main explanation for a rapid increa of crime in the 1960s and 1970s . There are after all fewer people suffering from the bad conditions than before , and it is much easier to make a very satisfactory living by honest work now than it was forty
years ago , on indeed at any previous time .The problem is shared with the rest of western civilization , and beyond it .
犯罪的部分原因是物质条件差;犯罪当然在生活明显不满意的人中最普遍,没有固定住处者, 父母分居或离婚者,各种灾祸的受害者,其中,包括贫困和缺乏教育者.可是社会物质条件差, 不能认为是六,七十年代犯罪剧增的主要原因.毕竟受穷者比以前少了,现在通过正当职业谋得相当满意的生计,比40年前,以至以往任何时候都容易多了. 这个问题在整个西方,以及其他地区都存在.标准误差
中高级翻译英译汉使用技巧讲解(2)人名,地名的英译
英语人名,地名,可以查找工具书,比如英汉辞典等等
中级口译的人名地名的翻译相对来说是比较简单的,我们翻译人名,地名必须遵循"音译"的原则.必须注意的是:paranoia
1) 用音译,慎用意译西安软件培训机构
如:人名Wall, Sleep,译成:"沃尔"与"斯利普",不可译成"墙"与"睡".地名China同样不可译成"陶瓷",这也是众所周知的事了
2) 人名中姓和名之间,用圆点间隔,如John Thomas Smith "约翰.托马斯.史密斯".
3) 要熟记一些常用的译名
比如:Franklin Roovelt 罗斯福 Winston Churchill 邱吉尔
Napoleon 拿破仑 Aristotle 亚里士多德
Socrates 苏格拉底 New York 纽约
New Orleans 新奥尔良 Los Angeles 洛杉矶
Detroit 底特律 Chicago 芝加哥
平时就多看看有关资料,也不一定要全背出,只是心里要留个底儿,这样就不会闹笑话了词在不同语境的翻译技巧在我们的翻译教程之中第12页,就有关于e在不同语境情况之下的不同翻译,这说明要准
确的译出文章中关键词的意思,首先要注意语境的把握和上下文的搭配关系
1) company的翻译claiming
He is fond of company.
他爱交朋友
Two is company, but three is none.
两人成伴,三人不欢好翻译
Among the company was an old man.
这群人中有位老人
Who keeps company with the wolf , will learn to howl.
跟狼在一起,就会学会狼叫("近墨者黑".)
I fell into company with him .
我偶然与他相识
ubiquitous Miry loves company.
同病相怜
The host amud the company with singing .
主人用歌唱来招待宾客
He is employed in an electronic company.
他在一家电器公司工作
2) 红与red的译法
英语中有red
She was dresd in red.
她身穿红衣
When he started criticizing my work , I really saw red.
他竟批评起我的工作来了,我立即火冒三丈
中高级翻译英译汉使用技巧讲解(3)代词的翻译
1. 句子内部指代的翻译
当代词与其所指代的对象在同一划线句中时,一般来可以将代词译为相对应的代词。但是如果前面出现多个名词,而且从数量、性质等方面很难判断代词的指代,则最好将代词翻译成相对应的名词。
98 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were eing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
结构分析:这是一个复合句. But even more important是整个句子的状语,it was the farthest是主句,that scientists had been able to look into the past是修饰the farthest的定
语从句,for引导原因状语从句(参见1995年71题),在这个状语从句中,what they were eing是主语从句,were the patterns and structures是状语从句中的系表结构,that existed…是修饰名词patterns and structures的定语从句。
译 文: 但更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
01 71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.
结构分析:这是一个复合句。There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors是主句,其中hosted by robots是过去分词短语做television chat shows的后置定语,with pollution monitors是介词短语修饰cars;that will disable them是定语从句,修饰pollution monitors ;when they offend是时间状语从句,修饰动词disable。
译 文: 届时,将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排
cgi是什么 污超标(违规),监控器就会使其停驶。
01 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:"It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.
结构分析:这是一个复合句。But that is only the start of man-machine integration是主句,其中有一个插入语Pearson points out。It will be the beginning of the long process of integration是直接引语中的主句,that引导定语从句修饰名词integration, before the end of the next century是介词短语作状语。.
译 文: 但皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:"它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。"
2. 句外指代的翻译
A.对于指代具体某个或几个名词的词,一定要搞清楚他指代的内容,译文中用代词表示不清的就用名词来表达,哪怕是罗嗦一点也一定要多用名词,只有在明显清楚或者找不到合适的名词才用代词。P8-74
01 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electr
onic human before the end of the next century.
结构分析:这是一个复合句。But that is only the start of man-machine integration是主句,其中有一个插入语Pearson points out。It will be the beginning of the long process of integration是直接引语中的主句,that引导定语从句修饰名词integration, before the end of the next century是介词短语作状语。.
译 文: 但皮尔森指出,这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始:"它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步,最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。"
02 64)They are the posssions of the autonomous (lf-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are esntial to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.
结构分析:这是一个复合句。主句是由两个并列的分句构成的:They are…, and they are;in which引导定语从句,修饰practices,其中is held responsible for … and given credit for …并列做定语从句的谓语,given前面省略了助动词is。
译 文: 自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
苏州mba学校
attributed B. 若是代词指代的内容为前面的某个句子,需要总结,则在翻译的时候可以以模糊对模糊,根据具体情况将该代词译为“这种问法,这种说法,这个问题,这种做法…”P7-71
97 71) Actually, it isn't, becau it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
结构分析:这是一个多重复合句。Actually,是副词做状语,修饰整个句子,it isn't,是主句,在becau引导的原因状语从句中,that引导宾语从句,which引导非限制性定语从句修饰名词an agreed account,而the world does not have是省略了从句引导词that的定语从句,修饰something。
译 文: 事实并非如此,因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的,而这种共同认识并不存在。
“It isn't”看来非常简单,但真正翻译起来却不那么容易,因为它有两个难点:一是代词It指代什么?二是Isn’t 后面省略了什么?如果只是译成简单的“它不是”,译者和读者恐怕都会觉得莫名其妙。前面说过,弄清楚代词的指代内容一定要参见前文,而现在句中还有省略,那就更应该参见前文了。前面说“动物有权利吗?问题经常这样提出,这种提问方式听上去是一种有用的、能把问题讲清楚的开场白。” 句中的it 应该和前文中提到的it一样都表
示“这种提问”,isn’t后面省略的内容也应该和前句的一样。因此这个句子补充完整之后就成了it isn’t a uful, ground-clearing way to start.由于表语太长,重复显得罗嗦,我们这里可以抓住最关键的词,而形容词ground-clearing(把问题讲清楚的)正好是这个关键词,所以补充的简单一点就是it isn’t a ground-clearing way,译成“这种提问并没有把问题讲清楚”。