完全倒装和部分倒装
一、完全倒装
• 完全倒装是把谓语动词完全置于主语前,其中主语必须是名词,若为代词则不倒装,这种结构中谓语部分无助动词( be , do , have )和情态动词,但可以有连系动词 be 。
• 一般形式:
• 状语(时间,地点…)+谓语+主语
• 1. 当句首为副词 out , in , up , down , off , here , there 等,且主语为名词时,应用完全倒装。如:
• In came the doctor. 医生进来了。
• There goes the bell. 铃响了。
• 2. 当表示地点的介词短语位于句首,且主语为名词时,应用完全倒装。如:
ccit
• On top of the hill stands a big tree.
• 山顶上耸立着一棵大树。
• 杭州师范大学附属中学Under the tree were some children.
• 树下有一些孩子。 一艘轮船
• 3. 在 there be 结构中, there 为引导词, be 动词之后为句子的主语,属完全倒装, be 应与主语保持一致。除 be 以外,能与 there 连用的动词还有 em , exist , happen , appear , live , stand 等。如:
• There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday.
• 上周日公园里有很多人。
• Once there lived a king who was cruel to his people.
• 从前有一位对人民很残暴的国王。
• 4. 作表语的形容词、过去分词等较短,而主语相对比较长,为了保持句子平衡而将表语前置时,句子的主谓也应完全倒装。如:
• Typical for China is the crosstalk show, in which two comedians entertain the audiences with words.
• 中国典型的艺术形式是相声,两名演员用言语来逗乐观众。
• Gone are the days when we Chine were looked down upon.
• 中国人民被歧视的日子已成为过去。
• 5. 某些表示祝愿的句子也可用完全倒装(或部分倒装)。如:dnc
• Long live the Chine Communist Party of China!
• 中国共产党万岁!
• May you succeed!
• 祝你成功!
二、部分倒装
• 部分倒装则是将助动词或情态动词调到主语前,主语可以是名词也可以是代词。
• 一般形式:助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语(行为动词)+宾语…
trek
• 1. 当句首为否定或半否定词 never , neither , nor , little , ldom , hardly , scarcely , in no way , few , not , no 等时,应用部分倒装。如:
• Seldom does he spend his time playing cards.
• 他很少花时间去玩扑克。
• Never have I heard of that place before.
我是冠军英文• 我以前从未听说过那个地方。
• 2. only 修饰时间、地点、方式、原因等状语时,应用部分倒装。如:
• Only in this way can we solve the problem.
• 只有这样,我们才能解决这个问题。
• Only when you told me did I know her name.
safety
• bart直到你告诉我,我才知道她的名字。
• 3. 表示对前者的陈述也适用后者时,肯定倒装用“ so + 助动词/情态动词 + 后者”,否定倒装用“ neither / nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 后者”。如: found的用法
• He can speak English, so can I.
• 他会说英语,我也会。
• If she doesn't go there tomorrow, neither / nor will I.
• 如果她明天不去那儿,我也不去。
注意“ so + 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”与“ so + 主语 + 助动词 / 情态动词”的区别:
• 前者表示所说的主语和前面主语的情况一样,所谈到的是两个人或物,意为“……也是这样”;后者所谈为同一人或物,说话者表示同意前者的观点,意为“的确如此”。如:
• — Li Lei likes sports. 李雷喜欢运动。
• — So he does and so do I. 他的确喜欢,我也是的。
When I arrived, I saw there was a tall tree at the entrance to the village.
In front of the tree sat a lady in red. I didn`t know who she was at first, partly becau I was near-sighted.
Only when I came near could I recognize that she was my mother.
My brothers haven`t returned home in the past ten years, neither have I.
We are all too busy with our work. Sometimes, I said to mylf:"
Were I free, I would often visit my mother."
Of cour I know this is only an excu.
Not until my father died did I make up my mind to return home and stay with my mother for some time.