2019年中考英语语法复习方案12《定语从句、宾语从句》
【趋势解读】
在复合句中作定语的从句叫作定语从句，定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，因此定语从句也被称为形容词性的从句。定语从句是从句中较为复杂和十分重要的一种。与汉语不同的是，英语中的定语从句总是采取后置定语的形式。定语从句作为基础知识来考查，以单选的题型出现，但更多的是在语篇中考查。
【思维引导】
精彩笔记1 关系代词的作用和用法
1.关系代词的作用有三个:
(1)连接作用:关系代词引导从句，把从句和主句连接起来。
(2)替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词。
(3)成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。
2.关系代词的基本用法:
3.关系代词who /that , whom /that和who的用法
在定语从句中作主语时，用who /that，不可省略。
先行词指人 在定语从句中作宾语时，用whom /who /that，可以省略。
在定语从句中作定语时，用whobehaviour，相当于of whom，不可省略。
核心题根1 (1)用正确的关系代词填空。
①This is the scientist achievement(成就)are well known.(这就是那位成就卓著的科
学家。)
② She is the woman lives next door.(她就是住在隔壁的妇女。)
③That is the boy I teach.(那是我教的那个男孩。)
思路点拨:首先确定被修饰的名词(先行词)在定语从句中的作用(句子成分)，再根据语法成分确定关系代词。
①关系代词who在从句中作定语，相当于替代the scientist's(科学家的成就)。
offer什么意思 ②关系代词在从句中作主语。
③关系代词在从句中作teach的宾语。
(2)翻译填空。
①我喜欢妈妈给我买的这些书。
I like the my mother bought for me.
②我们看了在Roxy电影院上映的那部影片。
We saw the film on at the Roxy Cinema.
③我们正在谈论我们所看的一部电影中的女演员。
We are talking about the actress we saw in a film.
思路点拨:考查引导定语从句的关系代词的用法。先行词指物时，关系代词用which或that;指人时根据先行词在定语从句中所承担的句子成分而定。
同类变式1 (1) I will never forget the day 诡计的意思 we spent in the old town with small hous.
A. who B. whom C. that D. what
(2) The shop lls flowers is at the end of the street.
A. who B. where C. which
(3)—What are you looking for?
cake可数吗 一I'm looking for the CD about EXO I bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. who D. when
(4) First Lady Peng Liyuan was watering the flowers were named "Cathy" with Dutch Queen Maxima.
A. what B. which C. who D. who
(5)—In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye.
—And another example is F2F stands for face to face.
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
(6)—Which is your new neighbour, Liu Hua?
—The man T-shirt is red.
A. that B. who C. which D. who
(7) Tommy couldn't stop thinking about the boy made him a fool in front of the whole class.
A. whom B. which C. what D. who
(8) I really like the photo of my family my sister took in the city park last year.
A. which B. who C. what D. whom
(9) He likes low-carbon life. He lives in the hou he built himlf out of trash.
A. where B. what C. which D. in which
(10) Could you tell me the result of the discussion you had made in the meeting just now?
A. that B. when C. how D. who
方法技巧
作为关系代词，sweet是什么意思that用法灵活，既可以替代指人的先行词，也可以替代指物的先行词;既可替代单数的先行词，也可替代复数的先行词。当that在定语从句中作主语时，注意谓语动词既可能是单数，也可能是复数。
精彩笔记2 that和which的特殊用法及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.下列情况下，先行词指人时，只能用who引导，不用that。
(1)先行词是指人的不定代词。
(2)there be结构中，先行词指人时，多用who。
(3)东莞美容学校在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指人，且作主语时用who。
2.owc下列情况下，先行词指物，只能用whichvcu引导，不能用that。
(1)当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，不用that。
中秋节英语祝福语
(2)先行词本身就是that时，只用which，不用that。
3.下列情况下，先行词指物或指人时，只能用that引导，不能用which。
(1)当先行词是指物的不定代词all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none, some等时。
(2)当先行词前面有the only, the very(恰恰，正好)，any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right, the last, just等词修饰时。
(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
(5)主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which引导。
(6)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
迈克尔杰克逊的歌 (7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
(8)当先行词既有指人的又有指物的时。
核心题根2 (1)汉译英填空。
①人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
People all like tho have good manners.
②有一些想去海南度假的人。
There are some people want to have a holiday in Hainan.
③王教授已年过六旬，依然日夜努力工作。
Professor Wang, is over sixty, still works hard day and night.
④我想和昨天接待我的那个女孩讲话。
I want to speak to the girl rved me yesterday.
思路点拨:考查关系代词的特殊用法。先行词为指人的不定代词时，关系代词用who; there be句型中先行词指人时，关系代词也用who 。
(2)根据汉语提示，用which或that填空。
①刚才天空中一闪而过的是什么?
What's that flashed in the sky just now?
