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迪拜是什么意思
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考试
内容 教学专题 命题内容 考查频度 考查方式
弱 中 强 选择完形阅读写作听力
定语
从句 定语从句 限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
介词提前的定语从句 √
关系词的使用
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定语从句的基本概念及分类
一、基本概念
1.先行词
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句必须放在先行词之后。如:
This is the engineer who will give us a talk.
这就是要给我们讲课的工程师。(who will give us a talk是定语从句,先行词是engineer。)
注意:
有时先行词是在关系代词前的整个句子。
如:
They nt my child to the school every morning,which I considered a great help
to me.
他们每天上午送我的孩子上学,我认为这对我是极大的帮助。(先行词是句子They nt my child to the school every
morning。)
2.关系词
(1)关系代词的作用有三个
a.连接作用:关系代词引导从句,把它和主句连接起来;
b.替代作用:关系代词在从句中代替在它前面的先行词;
c.成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当一个句子成分。
3.关系代词用法分类
在定语从句中
充当的成分非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句
人事物其他人事物其他
主语或者表语Whowhich that/whothat/which
宾语who/whomwhich that/who/whomthat/which
定语Whowho whowho
状语 When/where when/Where/why
The man who has just left is my nephew.刚刚走的那个人是我的侄子。
(who为关系代词,指人,在句中做主语)
The people whom you met in the hall yesterday are doctors.
(2)关系副词
where,when或why引导定语从句,在从句中用作状语,代替先行词分别表示地点、时间和原因。如:
白痴的英文This is the place where(=at which)he works.
这是他工作的地点。
This was the time when(=at which)he arrived.
这是他到达的时间。
二、定语从句的分类
1.限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分,如果没有从句,先行词的意思就不明确,主句也不完整,从句和主句之间一般不用逗号分开。如:
This is the bicycle that I bought yesterday.
这就是我昨天买的自行车。
She is the nur who looks after the children.
她就是照料这些孩子的阿姨。
2.非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句是主句先行词的补充说明,没有从句并不影响主句意思的明确或完整。一般用逗号与主句分开。如:
She has two brothers,who are both doctors.
她有两个兄弟,他们都是医生。
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一、关系词的用法
1.关系代词who,whom,that
倜傥怎么读
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词。如:The girl who/that is dresd in red is my
sister.(who/that在从句中做主语)
I don’t know the man(whom/that)you talked with.(whom/that在从句中作宾语,可省略)
巩固提升 distinction
① Women _______drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of
having heart dia than tho _______don’t.(2006 北京)
A.who;不填 B.不填;who C.who;who D.不填;不填
答案:C 句意:那些一天喝超过两杯咖啡的妇女要比不喝的得心脏病的几率更大。
化妆品购买
点拨:分析句子结构可知道,这两个空都是定语从句的引导词,并且都做主语,故选择C。who引导定语从句,指代人,在从句中做主语不能省略。
② I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _______Chine in the
school,most _______were from Germany.
A.study;of whom B.study;of them
C.studying;of them D.studying;of whom
答案:D
点拨:题意为:有人告诉我在这所学校大约有50名外国学生在学习汉语,他们中大多数人来自德国。在there
be结构中,主语后常用现在分词短语作定语,表示动作正在发生;后一个空白处构成非限制性定语从句,most of whom相当于并列句中的most of them。
2.关系代词who且来指人或物,只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换。如
The boy who father is a worker studies very hard.
The book who cover is green belongs to me.
= the cover of which
巩固提升
① A child _______parents are dead is called an orphan.
A.who B.who’s C.who
D.which
答案:C
点拨:who引导了一个定语从句,修饰A child,并作定语修饰parents;which作定语时,意为“哪一个”,修饰物,不能用于人。
日本童话
②(2006·福建)Look out! Don’t get too clo to the hou _______roof is under
repair.
A.who B.which C.of which
D.that
答案:A
点拨:题意为:注意!别接近那所屋顶正在修理的房子。who用作定语,后接名词,意为“谁的/什么事或物的……”;which与that多在从句中做主语或宾语;若用C项应改为of
which the roof或the roof of which结构。
3.关系代词which,that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可做主语、宾语等,that还可作表语。如:
I lost the book(that/which)you gave me.
(that/which作宾语,可省略)
The city is no longer the one that it ud to be.
(that作表语)
The book(which/that)was written by Mr.Zhang is popular with young people.
(which/that做主语)
巩固提升
① Do you still remember the chicken farm_______we visited three months
ago?(北京春考)
A.where B.when C.that hitandrun
batD.what
答案:C 本题测试关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句,由于that作visited的宾语,可以换成which,也可以省略不填。
landscape是什么意思
② Human facial expressions differ from tho of animals in the degree_______they
can be controlled on purpo.(重庆)
love one anotherA.with which B.to which C.of which D.for
which
答案:B 本题测试关系代词which前使用介词to的定语从句。句意:“人类的面部表情与动物不同,它们在一定程度上可以被控制。”注意the
degree是先行词,在degree前可用介词to,如:to some degree(在一定程度上)。
注意:that引导定语从句应注意以下四点:
① that只用于限制性定语从句;
② that可以用来指人,也可以用来指物;
③ that可以是主格,也可以是宾格;
④ that不能跟在介词后面,但可以把引导定语从句的介词放在句末。