实⽤旅游英语翻译
第⼋章
旅游⽂本中典故、诗词、俗语、楹联等的翻译
纳罕什么意思第⼀模块：热⾝练习
短语动词翻译下列⽂本，看旅游⽂本中⼀些⽂化现象在翻译中该如何处理：
1.whicheven part of Scotland takes you fancy,history is never far away.You feel it in the brooding prence of
Glencoe,evocative of that treacherous night in 1692 when Campbell soldiers slaughtered MacDonads as they slept. You touch it when you hike tyrough the hills and stumble across the ruins of a derted shieling. You e it in the weatherworm stones of turreted castales. You hear in in rousing Border ballads and haunting Hebridean melodies.
1.苏格兰令⼈⼼仪的地⽅都连着⼀段历史。置⾝格伦科⼭⾕，会感到历史之森然。1692年那个背信弃义的冬夜，坎贝尔上尉率兵趁麦克唐纳族⼈熟睡时将他们杀害。穿越绵绵⼭丘，偶见荒屋废墟时，能触摸
到历史的脉搏。在古堡塔楼那些风⾬侵蚀的⽯块上，会看见历史的印记。在动⼈的边区歌谣和难忘的赫布⾥底⾳乐中，会听见历史的回⾳。
2.Englishman Lesline Stephen wass one of the true pioneers of mountaineering. In 1871, when tourism in Switzerland was still in its infancy,he publishesd a book on climbing in the Swiss Alps, aptly titled The Playground of
Europe”.If Switzerland was a playground then-it certainly is now!But the country has changed,no longer offering stunning scenery,top-clsshotels,winter sports and convalescence to an exclusive few.Switzerland’s Jungfrau Region offers everything from perfect perfect peace to spectacular sport-at prices which compare favourably with other top tourist destinations.
2.英国⼈莱斯利.斯蒂芬是真正的登⼭先驱之⼀。1871年，瑞⼠旅游业还处于起步阶段，斯蒂芬就出版了关于攀登瑞⼠阿尔卑斯⼭的⼀本书，恰如其分地使⽤了《欧洲的运动场》这⼀书名。如果说瑞⼠那时就是运动场，那么现在就更是这样的⼀个运动场了。但是，瑞⼠发⽣了改变，不再是知识为少数⼈那提供迷⼈景⾊、⼀流宾馆、冬季运动项⽬和疗养胜地。瑞⼠的少⼥峰地区提供了⼀切的⼀切，从宁静的环境到激动⼈⼼的体育运动，其价格可以和其他顶级旅游项⽬⽬的地媲美。
3.在中国的许多“长在深闺⼈未识”的景观绿需得到发现，向世⼈开放；⼀批有悠久历史的⼈⽂景观，如
⼭东孔府、孔庙，西安秦始皇兵马俑，承德避暑⼭庄，也重放异彩。
3.In China,many natural landscape spots which ud to be unknown to world have been discovered and opened to the public,A number of historical sites have become new attractions,such as Confucius’Residence and the Confucian Temple in Shangdong Province,the clay figures of warriors and hors by the tomb og the First Emperor in China in the Qin Dynasty in Xi’an and the Chengde Summer Resort.
4嵩阳书院的将军柏，是中国现存的原始古柏，诗⼈李觐光诗谓：：翠盖摩天回，盘根拔地雄。赐封来汉代，结种在鸿蒙。“据传说，西汉元封年（公元前110年），汉武帝游中岳时，对三株⾼⼤茂盛的古柏分别封为“⼤将军”、“⼆将军”、“三将军”。现在还成活的只有⼤将军和⼆将军两株。
4.In Songyang Academy,there are two great cypress,which are the oldest in China.As the legend goes,in the year
110.B.C,when visiting the Songshan Mountain,Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty was greatly surprid to e such big cypress there,so he conferred them the title of “the Great General”,”the Second General”and “the Third General”.”The Third General”died many years ago.Now,only the other still stand there vibrant.
5.⽔⽔⼭⼭处处明明秀秀，晴晴⾬⾬时时好好奇奇。
5.With waters and hills,every place looks bright and beautiful;with rain and sunshine every moment appears pleasant and wonderful.
第⼆模块：旅游⽂本中典故、诗词、俗语、楹联等的翻译
⼀、旅游⽂本中典故的翻译
英⽂旅游⽂本中的典故不是很多，但有时会涉及到所介绍景点的历史故事，这样的历史故事⼀般可以直译。例如：
例⼀：
In 2005,the Glacier Express celebrated its 75th anniversary.It all began in the golden years of the 1920s.As a result of the reports by keen alpine climbers of their adventures,memebeers of high society with a yearning to travel came from all over the world to discover the stark beauty of the Swiss Alps.Previously remote mountain villages like Zermatt and St.Moritz turned into sophisticated rstorts. The powers discovered the potential of adventure tours by rail,and finally,on June
25th,1930,the Glacier Express made its first trip from St.Moritz to Zermatt.At that time, the trip lasted 11hours,and pasngers travelled in elegant saloon carriages and specially converted pasnger trains.
cleanup2005年，冰川快车迎来了⾃⼰75周年⽣⽇的庆典。⼀切都始于20世纪20年代的黄⾦时代。当时，对阿尔卑斯登⼭爱好者冒险⾏为的报道吸引了世界各地上流社会成员前来探索瑞⼠阿尔卑斯⼭的荒凉之美，于是采马特和圣莫⾥茨冬等以前偏僻的⼭村变成了着名的旅游胜地。政府发现了⽕车探险旅游的潜⼒，最终，冰川快车于1930年6⽉25⽇⾸次从圣莫⾥茨开往采马特。当时，整个旅程耗时11⼩时，旅客乘坐的是优雅的特等客车和经特别改装的客车。
例⼆：
Of couryour journey through Scotland may not take you this way,but wherever you go you’re in for a treat.You might linger in the Borders to explore the footsteps ruins of once-powerful abbeys or fish for plump salmon in the Tweed.Or follow in the footsteps of Rob Roy and Walter Scott through
the Trossachs to soak up the “scenery of a fairy dream”,as Scott described it .Perhaps you will potter around colorful fishing villages in the Kingdom of Fife and tee off on the legendary Old Cour in St Andrew.Or venture into Speyside to tickle your tastabuds on the malt whisky trail. If it is drama you a
re after,you will head for the Highlands,a vast swathe of untamed widerness fringed by mile upon mile of fretted cosatline dotted with islands.
当然，您的苏格兰之旅未必会取⾏此道，但不管去何⽅，肯定都会乐在其中。您也许会漫游在英格兰和苏格兰交界地区，探索曾经声威赫赫、如今仍不失威严的寺院废墟，或是在特威德河畔调去肥美的鲑鱼，或是沿罗布.罗伊和司各特当年的⾜迹，穿越特洛萨克斯河⾕、去领略司各特笔下那“梦中的仙境”。您也许会徜徉于法夫郡那多姿多彩的渔村，在富有传奇⾊彩的圣安德鲁斯⽼球场挥上⼏杆，或是冒险北上去斯佩河酒⼚，让扑⾯⽽来的威⼠忌酒⾹撩拨您的味蕾。如果您探寻的是富有戏剧性的景象，那就去西北⾼地吧。那是⼀⽚⼴袤⽽粗狂的原野，四周镶嵌着参差的海岸线，点缀这个⼤⼤⼩⼩的岛屿。
以上两个例⼦的原⽂涉及到经典的历史或者⽂学典故，这样的地⽅均可直译，让中⽂读者去了解和感受所介绍经典的历史或⽂化氛围。
中国是个有着悠久历史的⽂明古国，很多地⽅都有这样或那样的历史故事或典故，正如孟庆升（2009：79）指出，“中国的⼤好河⼭遍布着历史陈迹。每个景区的⼀⼭⼀⽯、⼀草⼀⽊都曾演绎过令⼈着迷的历史故事，像⼀⾯⾯古⽼的镜⼦映照出历史的沧桑。每个景区的旅游资料中往往都会出现有关这些历史故事的古代年号、历史名⼈或典故等。”虽然“每个景区的⼀⼭⼀⽯、⼀草⼀⽊都曾演绎过令⼈着迷
的历史故事”有些绝对，但是中国毕竟是⼀个有着五千多年历史的⽂明古国，所以不少经典有着这样或那样的历史故事并不奇怪，更何况很多地⽅正是因为其在历史上的地位⽽被开发成旅游景点的。中译英时遇到这种情况，除复杂难懂的情况外，⼀般也可以直译。请看下⾯的例⼦：
例三：
在四川西部，有⼀美妙的去处。它背倚岷⼭主峰雪宝顶，树⽊苍翠，花⾹袭⼈，鸟声婉转，流⽔潺潺。这就是松潘县的黄龙。相传在中国的古代，洪⽔肆虐，⼈民苦不堪⾔。⼤禹决⼼治⽔，但船不能⾏，有黄龙来为他负⾈，于是导⽔成功。黄龙疲惫，未及回归⼤海，死于岷⼭之下，因⽽其地旧称为黄龙。
One of Sichuan’s finest scenic spots is Huangling,which lies in Songpan Cunty just beneath Xuebao,the main peak of the Minshan Mountains.Here you will enjoy lush green forests,fragrent flowers,bubbling streams,and songbirds.There is a story about the place as the Great was determined to China,when great floods threatened the people of central China,Yu the Great was determined to tame the mighty floods by himlf.However,water was too inundant for any boat to carry him.Then ,a yellow loong(pronounced huanglong in Chine,with the image similar to English”dragon”)appeared to boat him,leading to his success in the fight against the floods.Too exha
usted to return to its ocean,the loong died at the foot of the Minshan Mountains.And the place was named after it.
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例三原⽂主要讲述了“黄龙”这个名字的来历，其中的传说故事并不晦涩难懂，所以完全可以将这⼀段故事直译。但值得注意的是，由于中⽂的“龙”与英语的“dragon”在⽂化联想意义上是完全不同的，所以笔者将其直译为loong，这也是很多学者呼吁的。在中国，⼈们对龙的隐喻往往是褒义的，所以才有了望⼦成龙和龙的传⼈这样的说法，但在西⽅，dragon是邪恶的象征。《圣经》中是这样描述的：an enormous red dragon with ven heads and ten horns and ven crowns on his heads.His tail swept a third of the stars out of the sky and fling them to the earth.The dragon stood in front of the woman who was about to give birth,so that he might devour her child the moment it was born.(有⼀条⼤红龙，七头⼗⾓，七头上戴着七个冠冕。它的尾巴拖拉着天上星⾠的三分之⼀，摔在地上，龙就站在那将要⽣产的妇⼈⾯前，等她成产在之后，要吞吃她的孩⼦。）以及Then form his mouth the rpent spewed water like a river,to overtake the woman and sweep her away with the torrent(它就在妇⼈⾝后，从⼝中吐出⽔来，像河⼀样，要将妇⼈冲去)，甚⾄causing fire to come down form heaven to earth in full view of man(在⼈⾯前，叫⽕从天降到地上)。虽然很长时间以来，汉语的“龙”被译成了英⽂“dragon”，英⽂中的“dragon”被译成了中⽂的“龙”，但实际上误传了其中的象征意义，没有正确传达出中英⽂两个民族对这⼀形象的不同认知（彭萍，2009：231）。例四：
秦始皇统⼀六国后，⼀⽅⾯拆毁诸国之间的长城，另⼀⽅⾯为防御北⽅匈奴，⼜在修筑了横亘万余⾥的长城，成为我国最早的万⾥长城。此后的各朝各代都对长城进⾏了修复与加固。
After unifying all other six states,Emperor Qinshihuang,the first emporer of the Qin Dynasty,while pulling down the walls between the former states, had new walls built in the north to defend the Hun. The walls stretched more than five thousand kilometres,forming the oldest Great Wall.From then on ,in was restored and reinforced by successive dynasties.
例四原⽂阐释了长城的来历，质疑之后能增加英语读着的好奇感，所以将之译出。值得注意的是，原⽂中的秦始皇在英⽂中既保留了⾳译，有添加了⼀个同位语作为注释，这样使英⽂更加清楚。
⼆、旅游⽂本中的诗词的翻译
引⽤时此时中⽂旅游中常见的现象，尤其是古诗词的使⽤更为频繁。诗词能够加深中国读者的印象，增添读者对美的感受，这种写作⼿法符合中国读者的审美⼼理。但是，对外国读者⾥说，他们对中国诗词往往感到陌⽣，⽽且外国读者的思维与中国读者的思维不同，中国⼈注重审美与想象，西⽅⼈注重逻辑与事实。杨敏（2003：31-35）曾就旅游篇章的跨⽂化对⽐进⾏分析，认为英美旅游的⽂本中在景点、地理环境、服务设施、优势与不⾜诸⽅⾯的纯信息传递，⽽风光景⾊的描述⾏篇幅则着墨不多，⽽我国的旅游篇章往往更突出旅游资源的⼈⽂特⾊和风光景⾊，以及使⽤⼤量的诗词对景点进⾏
颂扬衬托。因此，旅游⽂本中中⽂诗词的翻译是⼀⼤难点，很多情况下将这些诗词直译不但不能增加诗词的韵味，反⽽会使外国读者
如同隔雾看花（陈刚，2004：407)。所以，中⽂旅游⽂本中引⽤的诗词⼀般要么进⾏简单解释要么省译，以迎合英语读者的思维和阅读⼼理。请看下⾯的例⼦：例五：
“烟⽔苍茫⽉⾊迷，渔⾈晚泊栈桥西。乘凉每⾄黄昏后，⼈倚栏杆⽔拍堤。”这是古⼈赞美青岛海滨的诗句。青岛市⼀座风光秀丽的海滨城市，夏⽆酷暑，冬⽆严寒。西起胶州湾⼊海处的团岛，东⾄崂⼭风景区的下清宫，绵延⼋⼗多华⾥的海滨组成了⼀幅选乱多姿的长轴画卷。
Qindao is a beautiful coastal city.It is cool in summer and warm in winter.The 40-km-long scenic line begins from Tuandao Island at the west end to Xiaqinggong of Mount Lao at the east end.
例六：
旅客乘着⽵筏游览九曲溪，放佛置⾝于画卷中，如古诗所云：“武夷风光堪称奇，甚似⼈间仙境。”
Tourists can ride a bamboo raft to enjoy the picturesque landscape along the Nine-bend Stream,as reflected in the ancient lines that the landscape of the Wuyi Mountains is as marvelous as a fairyland.
例五和例六在描述旅游景点是恰当地反映出中国⼈的写作⼿法，即喜好引⽤诗句来表达⾃⼰的感受，同时也让读者读后有⼀种对古典⽂化的体验，⼀种美感从胸中油然⽽⽣。但是，在两个英译⽂中，古诗词均作了简化处理，礼物引⽤的诗句由
circumstance于⽐较复杂，但其承载的信息在后稳中已经表达出来了，所以译⽂将其直接省译，例六则将武夷风光堪称奇，胜似⼈间仙境简化成the landscape of the Wuyi Mountains is as marvelous as a fairyland，这种简化可以说是既⽣动形象⼜简单易懂，基本上传达出了原⽂的意境，⼜容易为外国读者所接受。资产负债表的编制
英⽂旅游材料中很少使⽤古诗词，但有时会引⽤流⾏歌词，这样的歌词⼀般直译即可。请看下⾯的例⼦：
2021年英语四级答案例七：
With its hot sun and gay night lift San Francisco is a fine place to live or to visit. It is the most European of all American cities and you’ll be sure to grow fond of it instantly. So tell yourlf in the words of the song from the last century,”San Francisco,here I come!”
老友记歌词旧⾦⼭⽩天阳光灿烂，夜⽣活热闹繁华，是适宜居住和旅游的好地⽅。这是美国最欧洲化的城市，您⼀定会对它⼀见钟情。因此请默念⼗九世纪⼀⾸歌曲中这样的歌词吧：“旧⾦⼭，我来了！”
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例七原⽂的最后引⽤了⼀句歌词San Francisco,here I come，这句歌词的其中⼀个译⽂是“旧⾦⼭，我到你的⾝边来了”，但笔者认为“我到你的⾝边来了”并不⼗分通顺，⽽最容易为中⽂读者接受并记住的中译⽂应该是“旧⾦⼭，我来了”。
三、中⽂旅游⽂本中俗语的翻译
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所谓俗语，是指汉语语汇⾥为群众所创造并在群众⼝语中⼴泛流传的语⾔现象，简练⽽形象，具有“⼝语化”和“通俗化”两⼤特点，⼤多是劳动⼈民创造出来的，反映了劳动⼈民的⽣活经验和愿望。旅游材料中使⽤俗语，可以拉近与读者之间的距离，尤其是加深与⼴⼤普通读者之间的关系，使读者感到所宣传的景点贴近他们的⽣活，因此可以激发其前往旅游的兴趣与热情。翻译这样的俗语时，最好能够找到英⽂意思与之相似的对应谚语，即采取“归化”的翻译策略。如果找不到到。则更具情况选择直译（或称为“异化”翻译）或解释性的翻译。笔者认为，如果感觉直译后英语读者能够明⽩其中的涵义，则可直译，否则要进⾏解释性的翻译。请看下⾯的例⼦：
例⼋：
中国有俗语“赶得早不如赶得巧”，赶上地坛庙会就是巧。这⾥蕴含着浓郁的京味⽂化，叫北京⼈与外地⼈都喜欢。
A Chine saying goes,”Timing is everything”and this applies to Ditan Temple Fair(a temple fair held in the Park of Earth Temple),at which you will find everything concerned with culture of Bejing.Both insiders and outsiders of Beijing enjoy it. 例九：
“天棚鱼缸⽯榴树，先⽣肥狗胖丫头”，这是形容⽣活在北京四合院⾥⼩康⼈家⽣活的最好写照。前半句说的是四合院的环境和建筑，多为固定之物，⽽后半句说的是四合院⾥的各种⽣物，让⼈感到院内⼈⼈富态、笨拙，有强⼤的⽣命⼒。
There is a saything that goes as follows:”An awning,a fish globe,and a pomegranate tree;a gentleman.a fat dog and a plumpy girl”,the vivid portrait of the well-to-do life in a countyard hou of Beijing.The first half tells of the surroundings and architecture of the countyard hou while the latter half tells of the living things there that are lively and lovely.
例⼗：
西湖在杭州市区的中部，⾯积约6.03平⽅公⾥。沿湖四周，花⽊繁茂；群⼭之中，溪泉竟流；亭台楼阁，交相辉映；湖光⼭⾊，千古风情，令多少⼈流连忘返。“上有天堂下有苏杭”的赞语真是恰如其分。
Situated in the west of Hangzhou,the West Lake covers 6.03 square kilometers.The cauways, bridges, pavilions, springs, trees and flowers in and around the Lake make it a paradi on earth,where one can’t tear himlf away.
以上三个例⼦的原⽂均含有中国⼈使⽤的俗语，可谓形象⽣动地描绘了所介绍的景点。细细的读者会发现，这三个俗语的翻译策略不尽相同。例如例⼋的“赶得早不如赶得巧”归化成英⽂的Timing is everything，符合西⽅关于“准时”的观念；例九的“天棚鱼缸⽯榴树，先⽣肥狗胖丫头”可谓地道的中⽂俗语，是不同形象的堆积，译⽂中将其直译，有些像西⽅的意象派诗歌，英⽂读者根据上下⽂能过来理解其意思；历史的“上有天堂下有苏杭”则采取了解释性的翻译，简单地翻译成paradi，完全迎合了英语读者的表达习惯。事项，如果将其直译为There is a heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou on the earth，势必会使译⽂冗长啰嗦，
⽽且⼜把苏州扯到译⽂当中，原⽂只是介绍杭州，所以英语读者就会“⼀头雾⽔”了。
