英语长难句结构分析（含2019年高考全国Ⅰ-Ⅲ卷长难句）
英语长难句分析
历年高考真题
五种基本句式
英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。五种基本句式如下：
1. 主语＋谓语(不及物动词)
2. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语
3. 主语＋系动词＋表语
4. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
5. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语
此外还有特殊句式如therebe-, 强调句，倒装句等。
但是在真实的语言环境中，句子结构远非这么简单。复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂介词短语，还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。高考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现结构复杂的长难句，影响考生对语篇文段的理解。另外，新高考将包括两个写作题：读后续写(概要写作)和应用文写作。在评分标准中把“尽力使用较复杂语法结构”视为是否得高分的标准之一。因此，学会分析长难句显得格外重要。
一、复杂主语
包括下列情形：含有连词如, , ., but (also), as wellas；非谓语动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构做主语等。如：
Tho who werehighest in status in high school, as well as tho least liked inelementary school, are “most likely toengage (从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D) (as well as 连接与tho least liked ...做主语)
The gunners liketo describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wou
nd an animal and watch it go through the agony(痛苦) of dying can make nobody happy. (动词不定式to do结构做主语)
Connecting to the community（社区）as youfreely give your time, money, skills, or rvices provides a real joy. (2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B) (-ing形式做主语)
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deeprelationships wouldn't even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.(2018全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D) (-ing形式做主语)
What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. (2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B) (主语从句充当主语)
Shackleton,a onetimeBritish merchant-navy officer初二英语辅导报答案 who hadgot to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started (2016全国甲卷阅读理解D) (同位语结构做主语)
二、主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分隔
Mr. Robbins, together with his wife andchildren, is leavingLondon for Paris.
Somepeople think that the great Chinescholar Confucius, who livedfrom roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced thedevelopment of chopsticks.( 2016全国丙卷语法填空)体育馆英文
Frank Hurley, aconfident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to makethe images, most of which have never before been published.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D)
According to the report's key findings, “theproportion(比例)who saythey ‘never’ or ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectivelytoday.”(2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)
Thewomansitting at the desk, eing my madness, sympathetically jumped up. (2016全国甲卷完形填空)
大连工业大学怎么样三、复杂表语
包括非谓语动词、表语从句等。
One (reason) was that I was amazed at the fact that a sickperson could feel much better after eing a doctor. (2019高考全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)(表语从句中还含有一个同位语从句)
Thegeneral rule is that mild zones have relatively fewlanguages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, oftenspoken by small numbers. (2018全国卷Ⅰ阅读C) (表语从句中还含有while并列句)
四、复杂宾语
hole是什么意思包括非谓语动词、(并列)宾语从句(介词后和动词后)等。
dateofissue
Dr. Prinstein has alsofound that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a playdate--sharing, kindness, openness--carry over to later years and make you better able torelate and connect with others.(2019全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D) (宾语从句中含有定语从句)
Back in 1983,two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees gettingbitten by incts nd out aparticular smell that neighboring plantscan get.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D)(宾语从句中含有-ing形式和定语从句)不给力的奥特曼
inparallelInorder to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on ①how we plan to apply ②what we would learn in class toour future professions and ,eventually, to our lives. (2018全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)(①是介词on所带的宾语从句，②是动词apply所带的宾语从句)
Axani wrote inhis post ①that he is not looking for anything in return and ②that the woman who usthe extra ticket can choo to either travelwith him or take the ticket and travel on her own. (2017全国Ⅲ卷完形填空) (wrote带有2个由that引导的宾语从句，第②个宾语从句含有who引导的定语从句)
squirrels五、复杂定语
包括非谓语动词、形容词短语、介词短语、(多个)定语从句等。
It’s an amazingaccomplishment and one we cannot achieve withoutgenerous support from individuals, corporations, and other socialorganizations. (2017全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解A)(省略了that/which的定语从句)
music是什么意思
To people who are ud to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Deliciousand Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to ethe range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grownby the Romans. (2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解C) (who引导定语从句)
tundraBut myconnection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandasrescued from starvationin the wild. (2016全国新课标乙卷语法填空) (when引导的定语从句中含有-ed形式和-ing形式做定语)
Thursday es us make the short journey to Paris where we will visitDisneyland Paris park，staying until late to ethe parade and the fireworks.(2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)(where引导定语从句)
