英语单词构词法英语单词构词法 (1)前缀
1.表⽰否定意义的前缀
1)纯否定前缀
a-, an-, asymmetry（不对称）anhydrous（⽆⽔的）
dis- dishonest, dislike
in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular
ne-, n-, none, neither, never
non-, noen
neg-, neglect
un- unable, unemployment
2)表⽰错误的意义
male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调)
mis-, mistake, mislead
pudo-, pudonym(假名), pudoscience
3)表⽰反动作的意思
de-, defend, demodulation(解调)
dis-, disarm, disconnect
un-, unload, uncover
4)表⽰相反，相互对⽴意思
anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的)
contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流)
counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance
ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppo, occupy
with-, withdraw, withstand
2. 表⽰空间位置，⽅向关系的前缀
1)a- 表⽰“在……之上”，“向……”
aboard, aside,
2)by- 表⽰“附近，邻近，边侧”
bypath, bypass(弯路)
3)circum-, circu-, 表⽰“周围，环绕，回转”
circumstance, circuit
4)de-, 表⽰“在下，向下”
descend, degrade
5)en-, 表⽰“在内，进⼊”
encage, enbed(上床)
6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表⽰“外部，外”
exit, eclip, expand, export
7)extra-, 表⽰“额外”
extraction （提取）
8)fore- 表⽰“在前⾯”
forehead, foreground
9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表⽰“向内，在内，背于”
inland, invade, inside, import
10)inter-, intel-, 表⽰“在……间，相互”
international, interaction, internet
11)intro-, 表⽰“向内，在内，内侧”
introduce, introduce
12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表⽰“中，中间”
Mediterranean, midposition
13)out-, 表⽰“在上⾯，在外部，在外”
outline, outside, outward
14)over-, 表⽰“在上⾯，在外部，向上”
overlook, overhead, overboard
15)post-, 表⽰"向后，在后边，次”
postscript(附⾔)，
16)pre-, 表⽰"在前”在前⾯”
prefix, preface, preposition
17)pro-, 表⽰“在前，向前”
progress, proceed,
18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表⽰“在下⾯，下”
subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement
19)super-, sur-, 表⽰“在…..之上”
superficial, surface, superstructure
20)trans-, 表⽰“移上，转上，在那⼀边”
translate, transform, transoceanic
21)under-, 表⽰“在…..下⾯，下的”
underline, underground, underwater
22)up-, 表⽰“向上，向上⾯，在上”
upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3. 表⽰时间，序列关系的前缀
1)ante-, anti-, 表⽰“先前，早于，预先”
antecedent, anticipate,
2)ex-, 表⽰“先，故，旧”
expresident, exhusband
3)fore-, 表⽰“在前⾯，先前，前⾯”
foreward, dorecast, foretell(预⾔)
4)mid-, medi-, 表⽰“中，中间”
midnight, midsummer
5)post-"表⽰“在后，后”
postwar,
6)pre-, pri-, 表⽰“在前，事先，预先”
preheat, prewar, prehistory
7)pro-, 表⽰“在前，先，前”
prologue(序幕)，prophet(预⾔家)
8)re-, 表⽰“再⼀次，重新”
retell, rewrite
4. 表⽰⽐较程度差别关系的前缀
1)by-, 表⽰“副，次要的”
byproduct, bywork(副业)
2)extra-，表⽰“超越，额外”
extraordinary,
3)hyper- 表⽰“超过，极度”
hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(⾼⾎压)
4)out-，表⽰“超过，过分”
outdo(超过), outbid(出价过⾼的⼈)
5)over-，表⽰“超过，过度，太”
overeat, overdress, oversleep
6) sub-, suc-, sur-, ??表⽰“低，次，副，亚”
subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)
7)super-, sur- 表⽰“超过”
supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass
8)under-，表⽰“低劣，低下”
undersize, undergrown, underproduction(⽣产不⾜)
9)vice- 表⽰“副，次”
vicepresident, vicechairman
5. 表⽰共同，相等意思的前缀
1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表⽰“共同，⼀起”。
connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate
2)syn-, syl-,sym-，表⽰“同，共，和，类”
symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成)
6. 表⽰整个完全意思的前缀
1)al- 表⽰“完整，完全”alone, almost,
2) over-表⽰“完全，全”overall, overflow(充满)
3) pan-表⽰“全，总，万”panentheism(泛神论)，panorama 7. 表⽰分离，离开意思的前缀
1)a- ab-, abs-，表⽰“分离，离开” away, apart, abstract, abstain
2)de- 表⽰“离去，处去”depart, decolour,
3)dis-, di-, dif-, 表⽰“分离，离开” divorce, disarm(缴械)
4)ex-, e-, 表⽰“离开，分离”expel, exclude, expatriate(驱出国外)
5)for- 表⽰“离开，脱离”forget, forgive
6)表⽰“离开”relea, resolve
7)表⽰“分离，隔离”parate, duce, lect
8. 表⽰通过，遍及意思的前缀
1)dia-，表⽰“通过，横过”diameter, diagram,
2)per-, pel-, 表⽰“通，总，遍”perfect, perform, pervade(浸透)
3)trans-, 表⽰“横过，贯通”transparent, transmit, transport
9. 表⽰加强意思的前缀
a-, arou, ashamed
ad-, adjoin, adhere( 粘着)
10. 表⽰变换词类作⽤的前缀
be-, befriend,
en-, enslave, enable, enrich
ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign(委派) 11. 表⽰数量关系的前缀
1)表⽰“单⼀”，“⼀”
mon-, mon-, monotone(单调)，monopoly, monarch
uni-, un-, uniform, unicellular(单细胞)
2)表⽰“⼆，两，双”
ambi-, ambiguous, amphibian(两栖类)
bi-, bin- bicycle, di-, diode(⼆级管)，
twi-, twilight
3)表⽰“⼗”deca, deco-, dec- deci-, decade, decimals
4)表⽰"百，百分⼦⼀"?
hecto-, hect-, hectometer,
centi-, centimeter
5)表⽰"千，千分⼦⼀” kilo-, kilometer
6)表⽰"万，万分⼦⼀”
myria-, myri-, myriametre
mega-, meg-, megabyte
micro-, microvolt (微伏特)
7)表⽰"许多，复，多数”
multi-, mult-, multipmetre (万⽤表)
poly-, polysyllable,
8)表⽰“半，⼀半”
hemi-, hemisphere
demi-, demiofficial
mi-, miconductor, mitransparent
pene-, pen-, peninsula
12. 表⽰特殊意义的前缀
1)arch-, 表⽰“⾸位，第⼀的，主要的”architect, archbishop
2)auto-, 表⽰“⾃⼰，独⽴，⾃动”automobile, autobiography
3)bene-, 表⽰“善，福”benefit
4)eu-, 表⽰“优，美好”eugenics(优⽣学)，euphemism
5)male-, mal- 表⽰“恶，不良”maltreatment, malodor,
6)macro-, 表⽰“⼤，宏⼤”macroscopic(宏观)
7)magni-, 表⽰“⼤”magnificent
8)micro-, 表⽰“微”microscope
13. 表⽰术语的前缀
1)aud-, 表⽰“听，声”audience,
2)bio-, 表⽰“⽣命，⽣物”biography(传记)
3)ge-, 表⽰“地球，⼤地”geography
4)phon-, 表⽰“声，⾳调”phonograph
5)tele-, 表⽰“远离”television, telephone
英语单词构词法 (2)后缀
1. 名词后缀
(1) 具有某种职业或动作的⼈
1)-an, -ain, 表⽰"……地⽅的⼈，精通……的⼈”American, historian,
2)-al, 表⽰"具有……职务的⼈" principal,
3)-ant,-ent, 表⽰"……者” merchant, agent, rvant, student,
4)-ar, 表⽰"……的⼈” scholar, liar, peddler
5)-ard, -art, 表⽰"做……的⼈”coward, laggard, braggart(夸张者)
6)-arian, 表⽰"……派别的⼈， ……主义的⼈”humanitarian, vegetarian
7)-ary, 表⽰"从事……的⼈" cretary, missionary
8)-ant, 表⽰"具有……职责的⼈" candidate, graduate
9)-ator, 表⽰"做……的⼈" educator, speculator(投机者)
10)-crat, 表⽰"某种政体，主义的⽀持者" democrat, bureaucrat
11)-ee, 表⽰"动作承受者" employee, examinee
12)-eer, 表⽰"从事于……⼈" engineer, volunteer
13)-er, 表⽰"从事某种职业的⼈, 某地区，地⽅的⼈" banker, obrver, Londoner, villager
14)-e, 表⽰" ……国⼈，…..地⽅的⼈”Japane, Cantone
15)-ess, 表⽰"阴性⼈称名词， actress, hostess, manageress
16)-eur, 表⽰"……家” amateur, littérateur
17)-ian, 表⽰"……地⽅⼈，信仰…….教的⼈，从事……职业的⼈”Christian, physician(内科医⽣)，musician
18)-ician, 表⽰"精通者， ……家，”electrician, magician, technician
19)-icist, 表⽰"……家， …….者, …….能⼿”physicist, phoneticist, technicist
20)-ic, 表⽰"……者，……师" mechanic, critic
21)-ie, 表⽰"爱，指⼩" dearie, auntie, lassie(⼩姑娘)
22)-ier, 表⽰"从事……职业” cavalier, clothier, brazier(黄铜匠)
23)-ine, ian, 表⽰"阴性⼈称" heroine, ballerina
24)-ist, 表⽰"从事……研究者，信仰……主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist
25)-ive, 表⽰"动作者，⾏为者” native, captive
26)-logist, 表⽰"……学家，研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家)
27)-or, 表⽰"……者" author, doctor, operator,
28)-ster, 表⽰"做…….事情的⼈”youngster, gamester(赌徒)，songster
29)-yer, 表⽰" 从事……职业者” lawyer
(2). 构成，具有抽象名词的含义
1)-acy, 表⽰"性质，状态，境遇" accuracy, diplomacy
2)-age, 表⽰"状态，⾏为，⾝份及其结果，总称" courage, storage, marriage
3)-al, a) 表⽰"事物的动作，过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval
b) 表⽰具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal
4)-ance, -ence表⽰"性质，状况，⾏为，过程，总量，程度” endurance, importance, diligence, difference, obedience
5)-ancy, -ency, 表⽰"性质，状态，⾏为，过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
6)-bility, 表⽰"动作，性质，状态" possibility, feasibility,
7)-craft, 表⽰"⼯艺，技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft（治国策）
8)-cracy, 表⽰"统治，⽀配" bureaucracy, democracy
9)-cy, 表⽰"性质，状态，职位，级别" bankruptcy(破产)，supremacy
10)-dom, 表⽰"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
11)-ery, -ry, 表⽰"⾏为，状态，习性" bravery, bribery, rivalry
12)-ety, 表⽰"性质，状态” variety, dubiety(怀疑)
13)-faction, -facture, 表⽰"作成，……化，作⽤" satisfaction, manufacture
14)-hood, 表⽰"资格，⾝份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falhood
15)-ice, 表⽰"⾏为，性质，状态" notice, justice, rvice
16)-ine, 表⽰"带有抽象概念" medicine, discipline, famine
17)-ing, 表⽰"动作的过程，结果" building, writing, learning
18)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表⽰"⾏为的过程，结果，状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
19)-i, 表⽰"性质，状态” exerci, merchandi(商业)
20)-ism, 表⽰"制度，主义，学说，信仰，⾏为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
21)-ity, 表⽰"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
22)-ment, 表⽰"⾏为，状态，过程，⼿段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
23)-mony, 表⽰"动作的结果，状态" ceremony, testimony
24)-ness, 表⽰"性质，状态，程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
25)-or, -our, 表⽰"动作，性质，状态" favor, error,
26)-osity, 表⽰"动作，状态” curiosity
27)-ship, 表⽰"情况，性质，技巧，技能及⾝份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
28)-th, 表⽰"动作，性质，过程，状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
29)-tude, 表⽰"性质，状态，程度" latitude, altitude(海拔)
30)-ure, 表⽰"⾏为，结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(⼿续)，
31)-y, 表⽰"⾏为的结果，状态，性质” glory, history, victory, inquiry
(3) 带有场所，地⽅的含义
1)-age, 表⽰"住所，地点" village, cottage
2)-ary, 表⽰"住所，场地" library, granary (⾕仓)
3)-ery, ry, 表⽰"⼯作场所，饲养所，地点" laundry, nurry, surgery(⼿术室)
4)-ory, 表⽰"⼯作场所，住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory, obrvatory
(4) 带有学术，科技含义
1)-grapy, 表⽰"……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
2)-ic, ics, 表⽰"……学……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics
3)-ology, 表⽰"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(⼯艺学)
4)-nomy, 表⽰"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(⽣态学)
5)-ery, 表⽰"学科，技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery
6)-y, 表⽰"……学，术，法” photography, philosophy
(5) 表⽰⼈和事物的总和，集合含义
1)-age, baggage, tonnage
2)-dom, newspaperdom(新闻界)
3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood
4)-ery, cavalry, ministry(内阁)
5)-ure, legislature, judicature
(6) 表⽰物品和物质名称的含义
1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant
2)-al, signal, pictorial(画报)
3)ar, collar, pillar(⽯柱)
4)- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker
5)-ery, drapery(绸缎)
6)-ing, clothing, matting,
7)-ment, instrument, equipment, attachment
(7) 表⽰“细⼩”的含义
1)-cle, particle,
2)-cule, molecule(分⼦)
3)-el, parcel
4)-en, chicken, maiden
5)-et, pocket, ticket
6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette, essayette(短⽂)
7)-kin, napkin
8)-ling, duckling,
9)-let, booklet
10)-y, baby, doggy
2. 形容词后缀
（1）带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
2)-al, natural, additional, educational
3)-an, ane, urban, suburban, republican
4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent
5)-ar, similar, popular, regular
6)-ary, military, voluntary
7)-ice, -atie, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,
8)-ine, masculine, feminine, marine
9)-ing, moving, touching, daring
10)-ish, foolish, bookish, lfish
11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive
12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
13)-il, -ile, -eel, fragile, genteel(⽂雅的)
(2) 表⽰“相象，类似”的含义
1)-ish, boyish, childish
2)-esque, picturesque
3)-like, manlike, childlike
4)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
5)-some, troublesome, handsome
6)-y, milky, pasty
(3) 表⽰“充分的”含义
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
3)-ent, violent,
(4) 表⽰由某种物质形成，制成或⽣产的含义
1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen
2)-ous, gaous
3)-fic, scientific
(5) 表⽰⽅向的含义
1)-ern, eastern, western
2)-ward, downward, forward
(6) 表⽰“倍数”的含义
1)-ble, double, treble
2)ple, triple
3)-fold, twofold, tenfold
(7) 表⽰“数量关系”的含义
1)-teen, thirteen
2)-ty, fifty
