2020-2021学年上海市长宁区高三（上）期末英语试卷
1.For perhaps the first time in the history of modern education,millions of primary and condary students may begin the new school year from home. Pupils in England should return to schools in September, but Covid-19 cas（1） ______ （ ri）， so this may not be possible. Scientists also warn that there will be many more cas when pupils return to schools. Some parents may choo not to nd their children back（2） ______ their family's safety.
Teachers are worried about children who（3） ______ （ fall） behind in their school work. Parents and carers are feeling anxious about the need to balance work and home schooling. But an experiment by an 18th-century French schoolmaster, Jackboot, may help them to worry less about home schooling.
Jackboot had to teach in Belgium. His pupils spoke only Flemish, and he spoke only French. He gave his students a novel（4） ______ （write） in his mother tongue and a French dictionary. He encouraged them to teach themlves. It worked.
Learning does not only happen when someone older puts information into the learner's min
d. Think about how often children and even adults learn from trial and error,from learning to ride a bike to（5） ______ （u）a new technology. Learning happens when you ask children difficult questions at the dinner table, encourage them to build a tree-hou or find things for themlves on Wikipedia.
In the 18th century,when only the sons of rich men got a school education,Jackboot wanted to show
（6） ______ poor children could learn. Parents could teach them by encouraging and asking questions. It's the same today.（7） ______ students have the right resources（8） ______ （ explore） ideas for themlves, many people can "teach" - including carers and parents during a pandemic（流行病）. However, some poorer students will do wor（9） ______ they do not have access to the Internet.
Jackboot showed that learning does not only happen in a classroom and that human beings are learning beings： they know hardly anything at birth（10） ______ ek out and develop incredible capacities. That should make us less worried about children during this difficult time and more hopeful about ourlves.
2.A. curiosity B. inspired C. vision D. communication E. possibilties F. committed G. hooked H. investigate I. challenging J. recognize K. attention
I've always been an optimist and I suppo that is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place. For as long as I can remember, I've loved learning new things and solving problems in venth grade. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time,I was（1） ______ . It was an old Teletype machine. But it changed my life. When my friend and I started Microsoft,we had a（2） ______ of "a computer on every desk and in every home," which probably sounded too optimistic, but we believed personal computers would change the world. And they have.
After 30 years, I'm still as（3） ______ by computers as I was back in venth grade. I believe computers are the most incredible tool we can u to feed our（4） ______ and inventiveness to help us solve problems. Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world's knowledge. They're helping us buil
d（5） ______ around the things we care about and stay clo to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.
Like my friend Buffett,I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it "tap-dancing to work." My job at Microsoft is as（6） ______ as ever, but what makes me "tap-dance to work" is when we show people something new,like a computer that can（7） ______ your handwriting or your speech, and they say, "I didn't know you could do that with a PC!"
I believe that my own fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife and I havebeen（8） ______ to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.I'm still optimistic, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughest problems is possible. We're eing new drugs for deadly dias, and new（9） ______ paid to the health problems in the world.
I'm excited by the（10） ______ I e for medicine, for education and of cour for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all the areas in my lifetime.
Since Peter Singer published Animal Liberation in 1975，animal rights activists thought animals should be granted the same rights as humans. Referring to scientific studies showing animals（1） ______ "human characteristics"，they argue animals should be protected with the same rights. So why don't animals have the same legal status （身份）as humans？
The line of reasoning in favor of granting animals equal rights to humans（2） ______ the fact that scientists have found characteristics in animals we normally（3） ______ with humans. A group of scientists showed monkeys demonstrate lf-consciousness at the same level as humans. This has usually rved as a justification for human rights, so why don't we grant equal rights to monkeys？
The truth is,（4） ______ convincing scientific evidence,the argument for granting at least some animals the same rights as humans can't be justified philosophically. An adequate argument for animal rights would require further philosophical inquiry and not just descriptive（5） ______ . We can feel pity for animals being treated badly and strive to protect them from such treatment. This,（6） ______ ， doesn't mean animals should
enjoy the same legal status as humans.
There is a strong reason for（7） ______ that rights only apply to humans. While fundamental rights surely are valuable in their nature, they would be worthless without a system to（8） ______ them. That is why we expect other people to respect our rights.
The system that defends our rights is the fact that other people are obliged by（9） ______ in their behaviors towards us. In our daily life, we experience numerous situations in which bad guys could（10） ______ from violating（侵犯） our rights. Nevertheless, we e, of cour, with some exceptions, that individuals cooperate and respect other people's rights. Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin, and one cannot（11） ______ to have certain rights without having to obrve the duties.
If it is my claim to live freely on my property without being bothered, my neighbor's duty prevents him from violating my right to property and life. Suppo, however, he breaks in and damages my property. He will then be held responsible in a court of law, for he has（12） ______ his duty to respect my rights. This is completely reasonable, but we will certainly face（13） ______ if my property was violated by an elephant.
If we assume that animals are granted the same legal status as humans,（14） ______ requires that we now drag the elephant into court. Remember,if an animal were to have such rights,it would logically also have social duties. Therefore, it is now（15） ______ to the same legal procedures as humans. This rais practical questions： Who will defend the animal in court？ And will the animal be able to comprehend what is going on？
3. A. acquiring B. desiring C. displaying D. respecting
4. A. explores B. challenges C. overlooks D. emphasizes
5. A. treat B. associate C. deal D. bear
6. A. considering B. despite C. instead of D. according to
7. A. conclusions B. performances C. experiments D. messages
8. A. in return B. for instance C. therefore D. however
9. A. denying B. maintaining C. recognizing D. suggesting
10. A. approve B. demand C. ensure D. rerve
11. A. contracts B. posssion C. faith D. duties
12. A. profit B. keep C. learn D. result
13. A. afford B. claim C. pretend D. determine
14. A. assigned B. declared C. failed D. fulfilled
15. A. dangers B. questions C. charges D. obstacles
16. A. agreement B. justice C. criticism D. frustration
17. A. open B. addicted C. subject D. relevant
D
The first thing we notice about new people are their faces.The next time we e the people, we remember them becau we remember their faces. This ems like a simple
process. However, scientists found that it is not such a simple process. The ction of the brain that is responsible for face recognition ems to work differently for different people. Some people have great difficulty remembering and recognizing faces, while others almost never forget a face.
Normal babies are born with a natural ability to recognize faces. In fact, their face recognition abilities are much better than their parents. Babies are highly skilled at face recognition at six months. But by nine months, they lo this skill. By nine months, a baby's face-recognition skills are about the same as an adult's.
Unfortunately, some people are not born with this ability to recognize faces. The part of the brain that is responsible for face recognition doesn't work for them. This condition is called face blindness. People with very vere face blindness cannot even recognize their own faces. In fact, people with this condition can sometimes be frightened when they look in the mirror. They don't recognize their own face, so for a cond they arestartled when they e this unfamiliar face.
Face blindness is not always vere. Scientists believe up to 10 percent of the population
maybe affected by face blindness to some degree, yet many people with mild face blindness might not even know they have it. They have no reason to know they are different from anyone el until someone points it out. This is similar to people with color blindness.
Colorblind people can't e the difference between certain colors such as red and green, until someone tells them that green and redare two different colors.
There is no cure for face blindness. So for the time being, people with face blindness need to find simple techniques to compensate for their problem. They can try to recognize people by their hairstyle, their voice,or their glass. Hopefully, in the future as scientists learn more about this condition, they will find a cure.
