过去分词作定语和表语
过去分词具有 的性质,同时兼有形容词或副词的性质,在句中可以作 、
、状语和补足语。
定语——在句中修饰 词或 词的成分。
表语——是谓语的一部分,位于系动词之后,说明主语身份、特征或状态。
1. a retired teacher ( ) 一位退休的教师
2. an honored guest ( ) 一位受尊敬的客人
3. The library is now clod. ( ) 图书馆现在关门了。
4. You em frightened. ( ) 你看样子受了惊吓。
一、过去分词作定语修饰名词或代词
1、单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面.
1.The encouraged people are excited.
2. The broken cup is thrown away.
3. I want to write stories about people addicted to drugs.
4. We are studying in a school built 70 years ago.
2、 有些过去分词作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同。
in the given time ( )
with the words given ( )
a concerned look ( )
the people concerned ( )
a wanted person ( )
workers wanted ( )
3、过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等不定代词或指示代词tho时,要放在这些词的后面。
He is one of tho invited.
Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him.
使用过去分词作定语要注意:
(1)及物动词(vt.)的过去分词,既表示被动意思又表示动作的完成;
不及物动词(vi.)的过去分词只表示动作的完成。
the fallen leaves ( )
the gone days ( )
(2)单个或并列的过去分词做定语,放在它所修饰的词前面;但有时为了强调动作,也可以放在名词后面。过去分词短语作定语,放在它所修饰的词后面。
A broken cup is lying on the floor.
Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the hall.
What is the language spoken in Japan?
The meeting held yesterday was very important.
(3)过去分词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody,tho 等不定代词时,要放在这些词后面。
He is one of tho invited.
Nothing reported ( in the newspaper) interested him.
注意:一般来讲,和分词作表语时一样,及物动词的现在分词修饰事物,过去分词修饰人。如:
When they heard the exciting news, they got excited. Then the excited people shouted and cheered.
(4)何时用过去分词作定语?
因为过去分词只有一种形式,而它又包含完成和被动意味,因此要符合下列条件:
过去分词表示的动作是在谓语动作表示的动作之前发生。如:
This is a picture painted by my father.
= This is a picture that was painted by my father.
(分词painted所表示的动作发生在谓语is之前)
The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
= The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
(分词mailed表示的动作发生在 reach之前)
分词表示的动作是没有一定时间性的。如:
Goods imported from abroad are not always better than tho made in China.
进口的商品并不一定比国产的好。
Is it a letter written in pencil? 这是用铅笔写的信吗?
二、过去分词作表语
1、表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作 使用。如:disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, plead, surprid, lost等。
The window is broken.
Don’t get so excited.
2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:
(1)作表语的过去分词,被动意味很弱,主要表示动作的 和 ,此时相当于一个
。
The glass is broken.
Our classroom is crowded
(2)被动语态的过去分词,动作意味很强,句子主语为动作的 ,后常跟 短语。
The glass was broken by Jack.
The windows were clod by Tom last night.
(3)作表语的过去分词前可以有修饰语,而被动语态的过去分词前不能加修饰语。
The glass was broken by Tom.
Your composition is well written.
现在分词与过去分词区别
1.语态上: 现在分词: 表示 的动作
过去分词: 表示 的动作
I heard someone opening the door .
I heard the door opened .
2.时间上: 现在分词: 表示正在 的动作
过去分词: 表示 的意思
the falling leaves ( )
the fallen leaves ( )
boiling water ( )
boiled water ( )
the rising sun ( )
the rin sun ( )
3. 现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的特征、特性。常翻译为:令人…
过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子主语的心理感受或状态。常翻译为:感到…
a moving film ( )
a moved audience ( )
The news is exciting.
We were excited to hear it.
习题巩固
(1)From his ____ look on his face, the price of meat must have rin.
A. disappointed B. disappointing
(2) He hung up the phone with a ____ smile on his face.
A. satisfied B. satisfying
(3) She expresd the story in a __ voice so that we enjoyed it.
A. pleasing B. plead C. pleasant