动词的ing或ed形式做定语讲解与练习--总结
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用作定语时,动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词, 动词的-ed形式仅是动词过去分词。
动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置,如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语,常放在被修饰词前做前置定语;如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语,常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如:
1.He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。(表示运动员的特征)
2.He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。(表示“令人….”)
3.A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路的小孩常常跌跤。(表示被修饰词的动作或状态,动词短语后置)
4.Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗?(表示被修饰词的动作或状态,动词短语后置) ﻫ
注意:当-ing形式做后置定语时,可以相当于相应的定语从句。如:ﻫ1.A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.
→A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.ﻫ一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。ﻫ2.The girl sitting next to me was my cousin.
→The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。
另外需要注意的是上面做定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作是正在进行的工作或习惯性的动作,如果和主句谓语的动作不能同时发生时,则不能用-ing形式做定语而必须用定语从句形式。如:
昨天来我们学校的那位教授在明天给我们做报告。
3.The professor who came to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow.
不正确的表述:The professor coming to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow.
总结:-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查,即:
1)说明被修饰词的性质,特征或用途。如:ﻫ1.They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。
2.He may be in the reading room, for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。ﻫ3.Ladies and gentlemen, plea go and wait in the meeting room.
女士们先生们,请去会议室等待。
2)与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作或习惯性的动作。如:
1.There were about 200 children studying in the art school.
有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。
2.Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?
正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁?ﻫ
3)有些-ing形式已经转化成形容词,常做定语用来修饰物,表示“令人……”。常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,puzzling,confusing,
disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,ﻫinteresting, satisfying, terrifying, frightening等。如:ﻫ1.That must have been a terrifying experience.那准时一段可怕的经历。ﻫ2.The experiment was an amazing success.那项试验是一个惊人的成功。ﻫ3.There is a page missing from this book.这本书缺了一页。ﻫ4)有些-ing形式已经转化成名词,常做定语用来修饰物