于对市爱美阳光实验学校高一英语状语从句和名词性从句的功能、用法及表达的意义
【本讲信息】
一. 教学内容：
1. 掌握状语从句和名词性从句的功能，用法及表达的意义。
2. 掌握状语从的时态搭配。
〔一〕状语从句的作用。
在将状语从句之前，我们先要弄清楚什么是状语。状语就是在一句话中，表达该句的时间，地点，方式，原因，条件的成分。
如：I usually get up at ten. He is playing at school happily. He goes to school by bus.
I am late, becau the traffic is quite heavy.
状语从句，顾名思义是做状语的从句，那么它就相当于一个状语，也就是说，它可以与其他
状语〔如副词状语，介词状语〕在语法上互换。
如：I usually get up at eight. I usually get up after my mother calls me.
He was watching TV at home at eight last night.
He was watching TV at home when I arrived.
He was doing his homework in the classroom.
He was doing his homework where I met him.
〔二〕状语从句的用法。
1. 时间状语从句。时间状语从句做主句的时间状语，表示“当…时，在…时，在…之前/之后，直到…才…，一…就…，〞〔连词：when, while, as, before, after, until/till, as soon as, the moment, directly, immediately, instantly〕
如：When I got home, my mum was cooking.
He got home while his mum was cooking.
Lucy will look after my dog while I am away.
As he walked along the street, he sang and danced.
Plea post the letter for me as you are at the post office.
He went away after he locked the door.
You can e nothing after the lights go out.
He will call me before he leaves.
Don’t go across the street until/till the light turns green.
He began to do his homework as soon as/immediately/instantly/ directly he got home.
He will begin to do his homework as soon as/immediately/instantly/ directly he gets home.
2. 条件状语从句。做一句话的条件状语，如“如果，只要，除非〞〔连词：if, as/so long as, unless〕
如：If you want to go there, I will follow you.
You will pass the exam as long as you work hard.
You won’t pass the exam unless you study hard.
〔三〕状语从句与主句的时态搭配。状语从句与主句的时态搭配主要有两种：“时态一致〞和“主将从现〞
1.“时态一致〞是指主从句的时态一致，注意是“一致〞而不是“一样〞，这一点与前面提到的宾语从句的“时态一致〞相同，是指主句与从句的时态属于同一时间范畴。属于同一范畴的时态搭配主要有：
一般现在时，现在进行时，一般将来时和现在完成时；
一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时和过去完成时。
如：When his mother wakes him up, he is always complaining about everything.
As he crosd the road, he saw a small mou following him.
After he clod the window, he began to sing songs.
2.“主将从现〞是指当主从句都有将来的意味时，主句用将来〔包括将来时、祈使句和情态动词的句式〕，从句用一般现在时。
如：He will follow me if he comes.
I won’t come until he calls me.
You can’t go until the traffic lights turn red.
He needn’t return home if his father comes.
Plea bring me the book when you come here.
Don’t go stay here if you smoke.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
3. 地点状语从句。地点状语从句做主句的地点状语，表示主句所描述的事情“发生在…〞〔连词：where, wherever〕
如：He was playing basketball where his father did many years ago.
I will go wherever you go.
Don’t smoke where nobody smokes.
4. 让步状语从句。表示让步的语气，相当于汉语里的“即使〞，“无论〞，“无论是否〞
，常用的词主要有though, although, no matter…, …ever, whether…, as。
如：Though he studied very hard, he still failed in the exam.
Although his voice is beautiful, he can’t sing today becau of the cold.
Whatever/No matter what you like, he will buy it for you.
Whoever/No matter who goes there, you must report to me.
Whichever/No matter which book you choo, you will not regret.
Wherever/No matter where you go, I will follow you.
Whenever/No matter when he comes, give me a call.
However/No matter how hard he studied, he still couldn’t pass the exam.
Whether you go there〔or not〕, you must let me know.
Clever as he was, he made the same mistake again.
Try as he would, he was a little upt.
Student as he was, he often broke the rules.
5. 原因状语从句。解释主句的原因，表示“因为…〞，“正因为…〞，“既然…〞，常用的连词有becau, for, as, since。
如：He was late yesterday, becau the traffic was bad.
He doesn’t want to go to school, becau he is ill.
It must be raining heavily now, for it’s making so much noi.
He must be in his room, for I saw him enter it just now.
As people can not live without water, we must take good care of the water resource.
As he is a teacher, he must know what is good for the students and what is bad.
As the wind became stronger, he slowed down.
Since everybody is here, let’s go.
Don’t let him go to school, since he is ill.
6. 目的状语从句。做主句的目的状语，相当于汉语中的“…以便于…〞，“…为了…〞，常用的连词主要有so, that, so that, in order that。
如：He got up early so he could catch the train.
He came to school early that he might clean the classroom before class.
He didn’t go out so that nobody could find him.
He speaks very loudly in order that the teacher can hear him.
7. 结果状语从句。结果状语从句做主句的结果状语，表示主句所描述的事情有何结果，相当于汉语中的“…结果…〞，“如此…以至于…〞〔连词：so, so that, so…that…, such…that…〕
