Section Ⅲ Grammer —— 动词不定式
和动名词
[语境自主领悟]
先察看原句 后自主感悟
1.To live in China is Mr.Smith's dream.
Smoking is not allowed here.
2.It's very difficult to drive in the mountains.
It is no u crying over spilt milk .
3.His job is to teach English .
My job is taking care of the garden .
4.I didn't expect to e you here.
I'm sorry I misd eing you while I was in Beijing.
5.She was the first girl to come to the party .
He is reading in a reading room.
6.Plea allow meto stay for a while .
7.I got up early to catch the 6：30 train .
[语法精
Ⅰ.动词不定式
一、动词不定式的时态和语态
1.例句 1 中的动词不定式和动名词作主语；例句 2 中动词不定式和动名词后置，用 it 作形式主语。
2.例句 3 中的动词不定式和动名词作表语。
3.例句 4 中的动词不定式和动名词作宾语。
4.例句 5 中的动词不定式和动名词作定语。
5.例句 6 中动词不定式作宾语补足语；例句 7 中动词不定式作状语。
要点拨]
带 to 的动词不定式有一般式、进行式、达成式和达成进行式四种形式，一般式和达成式有被动语态。其详细形式见下表：
时态形式 | 用法 | 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
一般式 | 表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生 | to do | to be done |
或在后来发生 |
| | |
进行式 | 表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生 | to be doing | |
达成式 | 表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前 | to have done | to have been |
done |
| | |
达成进行 | 表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前 | to have been | |
doing | |
| | |
| | | |
第 1 页
式 且一直进行着
He promid to give me a helping hand.(give在 promid 之后发生 )
他答应帮助我。
We hopedto have finished the work earlier.(finish 这一动作发生在 hoped之前 )
我们本希望早点儿达成这项工作。
He pretendedto be sleeping when I went in.(sleep在 pretended发生的时候，正
在进行 )
我进去时，他假装正在睡觉。
The book to be published soon is very interesting.(The book 是 publish 的承受
者 )
即将出版的这本书很有趣。
She is known to have been dealing with the problem for many years.(deal 这一动作发生在 is known 之前且一直进行着 )
大家知道她办理这个难题已经有好多年了。
[即时训练 1] 用所给词的适合形式填空
①Don't wait for him.He is said to have gone(go) to Shanghai.
②You are suppod to be sleeping(sleep)now.Why are you still in the office?
③In order to be chon(choo)in the first round， the girl made careful
preparations for the singing competition.
二、动词不定式的句法功能
1．不定式作主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多， 多半情况用 it 作形式主语，把真实
的主语 —— 动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。 动词不定式作主语，
