词汇：
Electron-withdrawing group吸电子基; Electron-donating group供电自基
Anodic阳极的; Cathodic阴极的； Cation阳离子; Anion阴离子
electrochemiluminescence电化学发光；redox reaction 氧化还原反应 immunonsor免疫传感器 side-effects 副作用
oxidation氧化； reduction还原
disper分散； aggregate聚集
valence 价态；nul- 零价；mono- 一价；bi- 二价；tri- 三价；
tetra- 四价； penta- 五价； hexa- 六价； hepta- 七价；
hypsochromically 蓝移； bathochromically 红移；
hyperfine structure 超精细结构；intermediate 中间体；
hydrophobic 疏水性的； hydrophilic 亲水性的
transition metal过渡金属
表转折：
1、However
However，in aforementioned work, copper electrodes need to be etched in an acid solution for a period of time, in order to build the linkage between organic films and copper surfaces, but this method to some extent pays the price of sacrificing the mechanical properties of metal surface and undermining the corrosion resistance.
2、Although
Although the reversible potential for NADH oxidation is estimated to be -0.32 V vs NHE, the direct oxidation of NADH at bare electrodes in general requires high overpotentials that can be as large as 1.0 V.
表原因：
1、arising from
The resulting solids exhibit electrochemiluminescence arising from the organic moieties.
2、owing to
A pivotal role was played by 9,10-diphenylanthracene(DPA), rubrene, and pyrene, owing to their excellent combination of photonic and redox properties, which typically comprivery high luminescence quantum efficiencies and radical anions that are sufficiently long-lived to generate ECL.
3、becau of
This luminescence could be generated only by the so-called coreactant method becau of unfavorable electrochemical properties of corannulene that make generation by cation -anion annihilation unviable.
4、were responsive to
ECL signals were responsive to the amount of hIgG bounded to the immunonsor.
5、due to
ECL as an analytical tool is gradually gaining importance, especially in connection with the samples of biological origin, due to its nsitivity。
6、attribute to
This may attribute to the large lateral size of the GO relative to the length of chitosan molecules.
7、originate from
which probably originate from the interactions between absorbed proteins an
表递进：
1、Moreover
Moreover, considering the weak adhesive force of coating layers on the copper surface, it is an urgent requirement for rearchers to fabricate enhanced adhesive force between the coating layer and the metal substrate.
2、For further confirming
For further confirming this absorption effect of the carbonyl groups for famotidine, we lected carboxyl-bad MWNTs modified electrode as another working electrode.
3、Furthermore
（1）Furthermore, the specificity of the immunonsor was investigated.
（2）Furthermore, most synthetic melanins are insoluble in water, which is problematic when trying to control the melanins in analysis and application process.
表对比：
1、In contrast to …with
In contrast to the situation with conventional carbon electrodes, chemical reversibility of the NADH oxidation reaction was achieved by means of poly(1,2-diaminobenzene) conducting nanotubule coatings.
2、A comparison between… and/ In comparison to
A comparison between this work and other reported methods for nitrite in nsitivity was summed up in Table 1. In comparison to the methods, the LET method has wider linear range than FIA and HPLC. The detection limit of LET in aqueous samples is only 0.00010 mg mL-1, which is much lower than the conventional Griess methods. It can be en that LET displays even more nsitivity than most of the well-known methods.
从句：
1、the fact that
The benefit for the electrochemi-luminescence activity of having a large surface area solid with periodic porous structure is revealed by the fact that an analogous amorphous material prepared with the same precursor does not exhibit any measurable electrochemiluminescence activity under the same conditions.
2、(1)It should be noted that
It should be noted that the first reduction becomes less eversible, evidenced by the incread cathodic anodic peak eparation, when the potential is swept to include the cond reduction.
(2)It is especially noteworthy that
It is especially noteworthy that the ECL spectrum (e Figure trace a) differs greatly in the prent ca from that obtained using BPO as the source of the oxidant: in particular, a much broader emission band was recorded, the maximum
of which was significantly red-shifted (by ∼100 nm) with respect to that in the PL spectrum.
