U1:
1.views on intercultural communication
Two different views on intercultural communication: “people are people” VS. “contact is not equal to communication”
2.3 major socio-cultural elements influencing perception and communication
Cultural value, world view , social organizations.
3.What is globalization?
Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations。 a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world.
4.What are the stumbling blocks in intercultural communication?
(1)assumption of similiarities: people expect that simply being human and having common requirements of food,shelter,curity and so on makes everyone alike.
(2)Language differences.: “yes”and “no” cau trouble.
(3)Nonverbal misinterpretatons: misinterpretation of obrvable sians and symbols—gesture ,postures, body movenment.
(4)Preconceptions and stereotypes: Arabs are “inflammable” may cau U.S.students to keep their distance .
(5)Tendence to evaluate: to approve or disapprove ,to statements and actions of other person or group.
(6)High anxiety/ tension.
U2:
1.What is culture?
Culture is a very extensive concept, it is very difficult to define it strictly and accurately, becau culture involves too much. Culture is a complex system of behavior, values, beli
efs, traditions and artifacts, which is transmitted through generations.
What are the five basic needs for human beings?
(1)physiological needs (things that make us alive,food water air)
(2)safety needs (physical safe and psychologicallly cure)
(3)belongingness needs (needs tobe accepted by others and to belong to a group )
(4)esteem needs ( recognition, reputation,lf respect )
(5)lf-actualization needs (actualize onlf and to reach one’s full potential)
2.What are values, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors? How are they linked?
(1)Values are what people go to war over or conduct bussiness by. Values tell us how to weigh the worth of something, they can indicate a relative hierarchy.
(2)Attitudes are feelings about things .it is a tendency to respond the same way to the sa
me object or situation or idea. Attitudes is learned and can change.
(3)Beliefs are convictions or certainties bad on subjective and often personal ideas rather than on proof or fact.
(4)Links: values underlie attitudes and also shape beliefs. Attitudes are bad on beliefs as well as values.values enable us to evaluate what matters to us or apply standars to our attitudes and beliefs.value→ belief →attitude. For example , you have an attitude toward eating raw fish,which is positive and is bad on the belief that expert prepararion of sushi and sashimi by Japane chefs results in culinary delicacies ,or you have an attitude that is negative,bad on the belief that raw fish can contain parasites that cau unpleasant conquences in the human digestive system. You can even have both attitudes at the same time.if you do ,then probably you value both fine eating experiences and physical health.
3.What are the elements of communication?
1context: physical tting, psychological ,historical,culture ,the communication norms
2participants: nders who form messages and communicate with symbols, receiverswho process and react the massages.
3Massages: meanings, symbols ,encodings and decodings
4Channels :a variety of nsory channels
5Noi ;internal external and mantic noi.
6Feedback : the verbal and nonverbal respons
4.What are norms?
Norms are the guildelines that we establish for conducting transactions. Norms tell us what kinds of messages and behavior are proper in a given context or with a particular person or group of people. People acquire communication norms from their experiences in life.
5.What is the difference between encoding and decoding?
Encoding is the process of transforming ideas and feelings into symbols and organizing them. Decoding is the process of tansforminf meeages backe into ideas and feelings.
Transforming and organizing Transforming and intepreting
ideas and feelings--------------------→symbols/massages------------→ideas and feelings
↓ ↓
Encoding decoding
6.What is the difference between external noi, internal noi and mantic noi?
external noi : Sights and sounds and other stimuli in the environment that draw people’s attention away from intended meaning.
internal noi : Thoughts and feelings that interfere with the communication process. Feelings of anger or anxiety ,stereotypeor prejudice in your mind.
mantic noi: the meanings we assign to words depend on our own experience, other people may at times decode a word or phas differently from the way we intend.
7.What is communication?
Communication is a process involving the exchange of messages and the creation of meaning.
