跨文化交际笔记
一．Introduction of interculture communication
A．定义：communication that takes place between people of different cultural background.
B．1.Interculture communication as a Human activity.人类活动
2.Interculture communication as a field of study.研究一种领域
C．目的： a.to understand the foreign culture
b.to understand and appreciate the chine people as well as chine language
c.to better the communication at work /study
d.to improve English proficency
D.some terminology about Interculture communication
Cross-culture communication/ Interculture communication
E. Interethnic communication种族：communication between members of the same race but different ethnic background.
Interracial communication 人种：communication between members of the different races which pertains to physical characteristic.
二． Understanding communication
A. one way communication
nder---encoding---message---channel---decoding---receiver---
encoding---respon---channel---decoding---feelback---
B. Code代码：a systermatic arrangement or comprehensive collection of symbols letters or word that have orbitrary meaning and are ud in communication.
Encoding编码：the act of putting an idea or thought into a code process through which
messages are cast投射into system of signals.
Decoding解码：the interpretative process of assigning meaning to a message.
C. Features of communication
1. it is an on-going activity/dynamic与时俱进的过程/有活力的
2. it is interactive相互的
3. it is rule-governed
4. it is irreversible不可逆转的
5. it can be both verbal and nonverbal语言和非语言的
6. it can be either intentional or unintentional有意向的或无意向的
7. it depends on the u of symbols
8. it takes place both in a physical and social content
三． Understand culture
A. 定义：culture is a shared,learned symbolic system of values beliefs and attitudes that shapes and influences perception and behavior.
B. Components of culture 文化的组成部分
1. material objects 2.beliefs and value system 3.behavior pattern
C. Features of culture
1. culture is learned behavior.后天学习的
2. culture is learned unconciously.潜移默化的
3. culture is shared among its members.
4. culture is persistent and enduring.持续的和容忍的
5. culture is rational.有理性的
6. culture is related.相关联的
7. culture is adoptive and changeable.有选择的和变化的
8. culture is manifests itlf both implicitly and esplicitly.含蓄的和明确的
四.culture and communication
A. culture is the foundation of communication.
B. communication has made the development of human culture possible.
五.cultural Ethnocentrism VS cultural Retativism
A.定义：Ethnocentrism:the tendency to judge the customs of other societies by standards of one’own.民族自我中心主义者
Retativism：the tendency to judge the customs of other societies by standards of the cultures.
B.variation of cultures文化的种类
Dominant culture 主流文化 sub-culture/co-culture
六.perception through the n of culture对文化的感知、影响
定义Perception：the process by which nsory input is organized and formulated into meaningful experience.
Do we e the same reality?
Do we have the same interpretation and evaluation for the same thing?
七.language and perception
What are the other factors that influence our perception?
Sex,social status,profession,educational,health condition,age
八.Diversity in belief system
1.belief system:a t of systematic beliefs about what is true and important by a culture group.
2.world view:the systemaized beliefs and values by which a cultural group evaluates and attachs meaning to the surrounding reality.
3.culture values
1)individualism and collectivism个人英雄主义和集体超越个人主义
Individualism:the belief that individual interests and goals should procede tho of a group.
Collectivism: the belief that collective interests and goals should procede tho of individual.
2)uncertainty avoidance:the extent to which culture feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situation.
3)power distance:the extent to which a society accepts that power in relationships,instituation and organizations is distributed unequally.
4)masculinty---femininity
M:the extent to which the dominant values in a society are male oriented and is associated with such behavior as asrtiveness,ambition,achievement,the sign of manliness and the n of not caring the others.
