利用InDel分子标记辅助选育辣椒抗黄瓜花叶病毒病种质

更新时间:2023-05-10 14:00:01 阅读: 评论:0

利用InDel分子标记辅助选育辣椒抗黄瓜花叶病毒病种质
作者:郭广君 朱雪梅 潘宝贵 刁卫平 刘金兵 高长洲 王述彬
来源:《江苏农业学报》2021年第05期
        摘要: 黃瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV)是危害中国辣椒生产的第一大病毒,创制抗性育种材料、培育抗性品种是防治CMV最有效的方法。以高抗CMV材料PBC688为母本,与感病甜椒材料G29为父本杂交,通过连续自交获得F 6 代自交系。利用与抗性基因 qCmr2.1 紧密连锁的3个InDel分子标记,结合人工接种鉴定和农艺性状调查对109个株系进行筛选。分子标记鉴定结果显示,携带纯合抗性片段的株系有28个,携带纯合感病片段的株系有65个,携带杂合片段的株系有16个,杂合率为14.7%。农艺性状调查结果显示,大部分携带 qCmr2.1 基因的自交系果实较小,首花节位高,花期和成熟期显著晚于感病材料G29。筛选到1份高抗CMV且农艺性状优良的育种材料H 6 -223,人工接种鉴定结果显示,21个纯合抗病型对CMV表现为高抗、抗;在14个纯合感病型中,13个株系表现为感病,1个株系表现为中抗;9个杂合型株系的抗病性出现分离,表现为抗、中抗;3个在分子标记间出现重组的自交系中,H 6 -223表现为高抗,另外2个表现为中抗。由研究结果可以看出,3个InDel分子标记可以辅助创制辣椒抗CMV种质,创制的高抗CMV且农艺性状优良的种质H 6 -223可进一步用于辣椒抗CMV育种。
        关键词: 辣椒; 黄瓜花叶病毒; 分子标记辅助选育
        中图分类号: S436.418.1 +2 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-4440(2021)05-1251-11
        Innovation of pepper germplasm resource with resistance to cucumber mosaic virus by InDel molecular marker assisted lection
        GUO Guang-jun 1 , ZHU Xue-mei 1,2 , PAN Bao-gui 1 , DIAO Wei-ping 1 , LIU Jin-bing 1 , GAO Chang-zhou 1 ,WANG Shu-bin 1
        (1.Institute of Vegetable Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing 210014, China; 2.College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)
        Abstract: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is the most rious virus threatening the production of pepper in China. Innovation of pepper germplasm resources and breeding varieties with resistance to CMV is the most effective method to prevent CMV. U
sing the resistant material PBC688 as female parent and the susceptible sweet pepper G29 as male parent, F 6 inbred lines were obtained through successive inbreeding in this study. Totally 109 F 6 inbred lines were identified by three InDel markers tightly linking to qCmr2.1 . The pepper germplasms with resistance to CMV were chon by combining with the artificial inoculation identification and the investigation of agronomic traits. The results of molecular marker identification showed that there were 28 lines carrying homozygous resistant fragment, 65 lines carrying homozygous susceptible fragment, and 16 lines carrying heterozygous fragments. The heterozygous rate was 14.7%. The investigation results of agronomic traits indicated that most inbred lines carrying qCmr2.1 gene had smaller fruits, higher node position of the first flower, and significantly later flowering and ripening than susceptible material G29. A breeding material H 6 -223 with high resistance to CMV and excellent agronomic characters was screened. The results of artificial inoculation identification indicated that 21 dia-resistant materials with homozygous genotypes showed high resistance or resistance to CMV. The 13 lines with homozygous susceptible fragment were susceptible to CMV and
one line was middle resistance to CMV. The resistance to CMV of nine lines with heterozygous genotypes was parated proportionally. Among the three inbred lines with recombinant molecular markers, H 6 -223 showed high resistance and the other two showed moderate resistance. In general, we established InDel molecular marker assisted lection system for pepper resistance to CMV, and innovated one germplasm H 6 -223 with resistance gene qCmr2.1 and excellent agronomic traits, which could be applied in breeding for resistance to CMV in pepper.
        Key words: pepper; cucumber mosaic virus; molecular marker assisted lection
        黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)是世界十大植物病毒之一,可以侵染超过100个科的 1 200 种植物 [1] 。刘勇等 [2] 调查发现,从辣椒中检出的33种病毒中,CMV的检出率高达20.29%,超过烟草花叶病毒的检出率(14.64%)而成为危害中国辣椒生产的第一大优势病毒。在辣椒生产过程中,CMV不仅影响产量,而且危害果实品质,而培育抗性品种是防治CMV最经济、最有效的方法,也是中国辣椒抗病育种的主要目标。
        国内外育种家通过抗性转育,已经育成了一系列中抗或耐CMV的辣椒品种,但高抗C
MV的品种稀缺 [3] 。由于很多新CMV病毒株系可突破原有抗性,导致现有品种已无法满足产业需求 [4] 。鉴定和转育新的抗CMV基因或將多个抗性基因聚合,育成广谱、持久、高抗CMV的辣椒品种是解决高抗品种稀缺最有效的方法。目前,人们已经从辣椒上鉴定出30多个抗CMV相关的数量性状座位(Quantitative trait locus, QTL)和基因,除单显性基因 Cmr1 外,其他抗性基因均未得到转育应用 [5] 。
        传统育种技术通过杂交和回交进行抗性基因转育,通过田间鉴定或人工接种鉴定进行抗性单株的筛选,耗时长、效率低。现代育种技术可以通过分子标记辅助选择(Marker assisted lection,MAS)技术实现抗性基因的快速积累 [6-7] 。近年来,高通量基因分型结合新一代测序技术可快速检测与抗病基因紧密连锁的单核苷酸多态性标记,大大缩短了高密度图谱构建、QTL位点分析和候选基因鉴定所需的时间 [8-10] 。随着分子标记开发技术的完善和标记类型的增多,越来越多的基因得到定位和克隆,例如MAS技术在辣椒育种中的应用愈发广泛。Barka等 [11] 对辣椒上真菌、细菌、病毒和线虫等引起的相关病害的抗性基因连锁标记开发和抗性基因克隆进行了总结分析。李宁等 [12] 根据已有文献公布的抗病分子标记对209份辣椒资源进行了抗病基因检测,明确了供试种质的抗性基因。中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所利用种间杂交、回交和分子标记辅助筛选技术创制出辣椒抗
番茄斑萎病病毒的育种材料0516Tsw [13] ,育成了首个抗番茄斑萎病病毒(TSWV)的甜椒品种中椒115号 [14] 。综上所述,采用分子标记辅助筛选技术能够快速鉴定种质资源的抗性基因,分子标记辅助回交可以提高抗性基因转育和抗病育种材料的创制效率,加快辣椒抗病育种的进程。

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