饮食与中国文化 一一 二者之间的关联

更新时间:2023-05-10 10:36:09 阅读: 评论:0

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Food and Chine Culture - the Relationship between the Two
As for diet, Chine herbalists believe that, to properly treat a patient, you must know the state of the five elements in their body. A deficiency or an excess of an element can lead to illness. In The Chine Kitchen: Recipes, Techniques, Ingredients, History, and Memories from America's Leading Authority on Chine Cooking, Eileen Yin Fei-Lo provides some wonderful examples of how her grandmother ud the principles of the five elements theory to cure common illness. Treating a cough with winter melon tea and fresh water chestnuts is just one example.
A detailed look at the u of five elements theory in diagnosing and treating illness is beyond the scope of this article.  Suffice to say that practitioners of traditional Chine medicine rely on it to explain the relationships between the body organs and tissues, as well as between the body and the outside environment. The table below outlines the relationship between the five elements and body parts, feelings, colors, and taste. 
Element
Yin
Yang
Feelings
Colors
Tastes
Wood
Liver
Gall Bladder
Rage
Green
Sour
Fire
Heart
Small Intestine
Happiness
Red
Bitter
Earth
Spleen
Stomach
Thought
Yellow
Sweet
Metal
Lungs
Large Intestine
Sorrow
White
Spicy
Water
Kidneys
Bladder
Fear
Black
Salty
How would a physician u the above information to make a diagnosis? Let's say a patient suddenly developed a preference for sour food.  This could indicate liver problems.  Of cour, the actual process of examining a patient and making a diagnosis is much more complex than merely consulting a chart.  It requires a thorough understanding of the interaction between all the elements. Becau time and date of birth are also thought to play a role in an individual's "state of the five elements," many physicians will consult astrological charts before making a diagnosis. 
Five Spice Powder and the Five Elements Theory
Was Five-Spice Powder the First "Feel Good" Drug?
Although the exact origins of five-spice powder are lost to history, there is some thought that the Chine were attempting to produce a "wonder powder" encompassing all of the five elements. All of the five flavors - sour, bitter, sweet, pungent, and salty - are found in five-spice powder. Then again, it's possible that a cook accidentally stumbled upon this particular combination of spices, and realized its power to enliven the blandest dish.  Wha
tever the ca, there is no doubt that five-spice powder is unique.   
Of cour, the days the specific combination of spices ud to make up five-spice powder varies. In fact, some brands could more accurately be labeled "ven-spice powder," since they contain ven ingredients. A standard recipe calls for fennel, cloves, and cinnamon, along with star ani and Szechuan peppercorns. However, you'll also find five-spice powder made with cassia (a member of the same family as cinnamon), ginger, nutmeg, and even licorice (star ani has a wonderful licorice flavor).  Feel free to experiment with different varieties until you find the one you like best.
Bottled five-spice powder can often be found at local supermarkets.  However, if at all possible, I would recommend purchasing it from an Asian market. You'll pay less and the spice mixture will be more authentic. An added advantage is that it is frequently packaged in plastic bags, allowing the aroma to come through and giving you a chance to compare brands before buying. At home, remove from the bag and store in a dry place in a aled jar.
Below I've provided a basic recipe for five-spice powder, along with veral dishes that make u of its powerful flavor.  But don't limit your u of five-spice powder to specific recipes - add it whenever you want to lend flavor to stir-fries, soups and red-cooked dishes.  It works well with meats, and makes an excellent marinade. (You'll sometimes find packages of five-spice marinade designed specifically for chicken in Asian markets). Just remember to u sparingly - a little goes a long way.
Yin and Yang in Chine Cooking 
"Real knowledge is to know the extent of one's ignorance."
(Confucius)
Yin and yang. Hot and cold. Male and female.  The philosophy of yin and yang lies at the heart of Chine culture. The first references to yin and yang come from the I Ching, the five classic works compiled and edited by Confucius.  Taken literally, yin and yang mean the dark side and sunny side of a hill.  People commonly think of yin and yang as opposing forces.  However, it is really more appropriate to view them as complementary p
airs.  The Chine believe problems ari not when the two forces are battling, but when there is an imbalance between them in the environment.  Floods, divorce, or even a fire in the kitchen - all can be attributed to disharmony in the forces of yin and yang.
This is the traditional symbol for the forces of yin and yang, sometimes described as two fish swimming head to tail.

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