Rearch on the Modern Apprenticeship Teaching Model for Maritime-related Majors
Jiagan LI
Shandong Jiaotong University
Abstract: Modern apprenticeship is a new model of vocational education, the core of which is a long-term and stable teacher-apprentice relationship. It is a teaching model that mainly takes the school and enterpri as the platform, and the master plays the leading role to train the students. The article analyzes the advantages of implementing modern apprenticeship education model for a-related majors and the problems in the process of promotion, and puts forward feasible strategies for the existing problems.
Keywords:Marine-related profession; Modern apprenticeship; Teaching mode; Development strategy
DOI: 10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250016.20200409
1. Introduction
At prent, the industrial restructuring has led to the contradiction between the supply and demand of t
alents, and it is difficult to employ skilled talents in higher vocational schools, while enterpris are extremely short of skilled talents. The State Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security attaches great importance to the issue of talent training, and propos a modern talent training model “enterpri school dual system, work in one”, to take the enterpri school two teachers with apprentices, alternate engineering training, off-the-job or mi-off-the-job training and other modes of joint training new modern apprentices. The pilot work of modern apprenticeship system is highly recognized by vocational colleges and enterpris. Apprenticeship system as a new talent training mode, especially suitable for the teaching of marine-related professions, we must combine the actual situation to summarize the modern apprenticeship system suitable for the development of vocational colleges and universities in China.
About the author: Jiagan LI (1986-10), Male, the Han nationality, Shandong Zaozhuang, Shipping College, Lecturer, Master Degree, Marine Engineering.
Funded project: School-level Teaching Reform Rearch Project of Shandong Jiaotong University in 2020, 2019YB60.
Journal of International Education and Development Vol.4 No.9 2020
2. The Development of Modern Apprenticeship System in China and its Connotation
Apprenticeship system first originated in Britain, then Germany, Switzerland, Australia and other countries have implemented apprenticeship system and reform practice, have achieved very good results. In 2014, the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China propod the modern apprenticeship system, which aims to deepen the integration of industry and education, school-enterpri cooperation, further improve the school-enterpri cooperative education mechanism, and innovate the training of technically skilled personnel. In June 2019, Shandong propod to comprehensively promote the modern apprenticeship system, by 2022, the province’s vocational colleges and universities through the implementation of modern apprenticeship system and other means to cultivate about 100,000 “Qilu artisan rerve talents”.
Modern apprenticeship is a modern talent training model that focus on skills training for students through in-depth cooperation between schools and enterpris, and joint teaching by teachers and masters. Different from the ordinary college class and the previous talent training mode of order class and title class, modern apprenticeship system pays more attention to the inheritance of skills, and the school and enterpris jointly lead the training of talents, t up standardized enterpri curriculum standards, asssment programs, and so on, and the curriculum content is rel
ative to the employment requirements, which reflects the deep integration of school-enterpri cooperation.
3. Favorable Conditions for the Development of Modern Apprenticeship System in Sea-related Professions
(1) The Policy of Modern Apprenticeship System
China is a large marine country, but not a strong marine country, our party put forward in the report of the 18th National Congress “to build a strong marine country” this strategic goal, which has important practical significance for the whole country and the nation. To build a strong marine country, high-end marine talents are an indispensable human resource factor. The National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Program points out that vocational education and general education are two different types of education with equal importance. How to recognize the type of vocational education is the breakthrough point for implementing the reform program. In May 2019, the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued a notice on the comprehensive promotion of the modern apprenticeship system, requiring the comprehensive promotion of the modern apprenticeship system with Chine characteristics of double master sportsmen in
Rearch on the Modern Apprenticeship Teaching Model for Maritime-related Majors enterpris and vocational schools on the basis of the previous pilot, promoting the synchronization of enrollment and recruitment, making it clear that apprentices have the dual identity of enterpri employees and vocational school students, and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of apprentices. A ries of policies of the state and the Ministry of Education have laid a good foundation for the development of modern apprenticeship system for a-related majors.
(2) Higher Vocational Colleges and Universities have Created Sufficient Conditions for the Promotion of Modern Apprenticeship System
With the reform of education system, the a-related professions have gradually broken through the traditional teaching mode, in order to better adapt to the development needs of the society for talents, the a-related professional education not only pays attention to the teaching of theoretical knowledge, but also focus on the cultivation of students’ practical operation ability, the change of teaching mode has played a good role in promoting the development of modern apprenticeship system. At the same time, the institutions also actively take a ries of measures to improve the teaching enthusiasm of teachers and the stability of students, such as: giving welfare allowances and rearch funds to teachers who take apprentices; giving basic salary protection to students who
are apprentices, and fighting for the maximum rights and interests of students. Thus, it can be en that in the process of modern apprenticeship implementation, higher education institutions have made sufficient preparation.
4. Constraints of Developing Modern Apprenticeship T eaching Mode for Sea-Related Majors
(1) The Lack of Scientific Development Guidance Concept of Sea-related Professional Education
As a new education model, modern apprenticeship system runs through the whole process of learning, practice and employment of students. But the a-related profession has its own special characteristics, both under the jurisdiction of the Education Bureau, but also under the jurisdiction of the Maritime Bureau, there is no subordinate relationships between the two, which will lead to the Education Bureau focus on education management and ignore the combination of teaching and practice, the Maritime Bureau focus on the practical, but lack of educational experience. Such constraints have curbed the rapid development of marine-related professional education.
(2) Disconnect between Teachers’ Theoretical Knowledge and Practical Skills
At prent, most of the vocational colleges and universities still have the situation that teachers rving in marine-related majors have high education
Journal of International Education and Development Vol.4 No.9 2020
and solid theoretical foundation, but they do not have any practical production experience, and the practical operation class are basically led by the masters of enterpris to complete the students. Therefore, in the teaching process, the teacher level has appeared the teacher’s own knowledge theory and practice disconnect, more unable to give students a comprehensive education.
(3) Institutions Don’t Have Enough Funds to Equip Practice Vesls, and Students’ Practice Effect is Not Satisfactory
Becau of the special nature of the a-related professions, in order to create better practice effects for students, the institutions need to have their own practice vesls, but the purcha of vesls requires a large economic investment, many institutions cannot afford to buy vesls, so the practice of many institutions can only be simulated simulator training operations for students, the whole process of practice gains very little.
(4) Some Students and Parents Cannot Accept the Modern Apprenticeship System
At prent, the modern apprenticeship system still belongs to a new talent training mode, lack of suff
icient publicity, part of the students and parents lack of in-depth understanding of this system, and even think that the apprenticeship system is not conducive to the future employment of students, cannot accept the apprenticeship system, which to a large extent hindered the implementation of the modern apprenticeship system.
5. The Development Strategy of Modern Apprenticeship T eaching Mode of Sea-related Professions
(1) Focus on Cultivating Students’ Professionalism and Inspiring Students’ Learning Enthusiasm
The ultimate purpo of modern apprenticeship system is to let students learn professional knowledge effectively and cultivate students with practical ability to meet the needs of social development. Therefore, the cooperation process between colleges and enterpris should focus on cultivating students’ professionalism and help students establish correct professional outlook and values. Students’ enthusiasm for learning can be stimulated in various ways, such as inviting outstanding talents in the industry to give lectures to students in institutions, and improving students’ recognition and passion for the industry.
(2) Develop a Suitable and Positive Reward Program for Perfect Teaching Management to Encourage Outstanding Talents to Join the Development Work of Modern Apprenticeship System
In view of the special characteristics of a-related professions, the title rating of carrying out two certificates of college teacher qualification and nior crew
Rearch on the Modern Apprenticeship Teaching Model for Maritime-related Majors certificate can be adopted to supervi the all-round progress development of teachers. At the same time, incentives and certain salary rewards can be ud to attract and encourage excellent captains or crew members to actively participate in the development process of the modern apprenticeship system.
(3) The Relevant Departments’ Policy Support for Promoting Modern Apprenticeship Work
To actively play the key role of government policies on the development of modern apprenticeship, after the General Office of the Ministry of Education issued the “Notice on the Comprehensive Promotion of Modern Apprenticeship”, we should actively urge all relevant departments to cooperate in the development of relevant development programs, from tax concessions and other multifaceted measures to encourage the initiative and enthusiasm of enterpris for participating in the development of modern apprenticeship work.
(4) Simultaneous Enhancement of Teachers’ Theoretical Knowledge and Practical Ability
In view of the disconnection between theoretical knowledge and practical operation ability of some teachers of marine-related majors, we actively cultivate teachers’ joint development in both theoretical knowledge and practical ability, in other words, teachers should not only have the qualification certificate of teaching in colleges and universities, but also have the qualification certificate of nior crew members and be able to have certain practical work experience at a. Talents with such qualifications can hold dual positions, as teachers with solid theoretical knowledge in schools and skilled crew members in enterpris. With such strength, they can effectively guide students’ learning and practice, be a role model for students, and cultivate more excellent talents for the society.
6. Conclusion
The implementation of modern apprenticeship teaching mode of a-related professions cannot prent immediate effect. At prent, the implementation of modern apprenticeship system has played a certain role in promoting the teaching of a-related professions, and at the same time, there are many places that we need to improve gradually. In the future development process, we still need to make up for our shortcomings, increa the full cooperation between the school and the government as well as the enterpris, and jointly promote the development of modern apprenticeshi
p system smoothly, and cultivate more excellent talents for the marine industry.
