2022 Text 4（英语⼀）
The personal grievance provisions of New Zealand's Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA) prevent an employer from firing an employee without good cau.
新⻄兰《2000 年就业关系法》的个⼈申诉条款禁⽌雇主在没有正当理由的情况下解雇员⼯。
Instead, dismissals must be justified.
相反，解雇必须有正当理由。
Employers must both show cau and act in a procedurally fair way.
雇主必须表明原因，并以程序公平的⽅式⾏事。
Personal grievance procedures were designed to guard the jobs of ordinary workers from "unjustified dismissals."
个⼈申诉程序旨在保护普通⼯⼈的职位免遭“不合理解雇”。
The premi was that the
common law
of contract lacked sufficient safeguards for
workers against arbitrary conduct by management.
其前提是，普通合同法缺乏对⼯⼈的充分保障，使其免受管理层的任意⾏为影响。
Long gone are the days when a boss could simply give an employee contractual notice.
⽼板可以简单地给雇员发出合同通知的⽇⼦已经⼀去不复返了。
But the provisions create difficulties for business when applied to highly paid managers and executives.
但这些规定在适⽤于⾼薪经理和⾼管时给企业带来了困难。
As countless boards and business owners will attest, constraining firms from firing poorly performing, high-earning managers is a handbrake on boosting productivity and overall performance.
正如⽆数的董事会和企业主所证明的那样，限制企业解雇业绩不佳、收⼊较⾼的经理⼈是提⾼⽣产⼒和整体业绩的⼀个⼿刹。
The difference between C-grade and A-grade managers may very well be the difference between business success or failure.
C 级和 A 级管理⼈员之间的差异很可能是企业成功或失败的区别。
Between prerving the jobs of ordinary workers or losing them.
在保住普通⼯⼈的⼯作或失去⼯作之间。
Yet mediocrity is no longer enough to justify a dismissal.
然⽽，平庸不再⾜以成为解雇的理由。
Conquently — and paradoxically — laws introduced to protect the jobs of ordinary workers may be placing tho jobs at risk.
因此，⾃相⽭盾的是，为保护普通⼯⼈的⼯作⽽出台的法律可能会使这些⼯作⾯临⻛险。
If not placing jobs at risk, to the extent employment protection laws constrain business owners from dismissing under-performing managers, tho laws act as a constraint on firm productivity and therefore on workers' wages.
如果就业保护法没有将⼯作置于危险之中，就限制企业主解雇表现不佳的经理⽽⾔，这些法律会限制公司的⽣产⼒，从⽽也限制了⼯⼈的⼯资。
Indeed, in "An International Perspective on New Zealand's Productivity Paradox" ( 2014) , the Productivity Commission singled out the low quality of managerial
capabilities as a cau of the country's poor
productivity growth
record.
