interest cover计算公式
今天,和大家分享商管学科中会计知识点考纲的最后一部分内容—Ratio Analysis,这部分内容涉及的计算题目比较多,公式的记忆是关键。
不同的ratio计算结果反应的公司经营的状况,比方说,公司的盈利性,流动性,投资的收益率,公司筹资的能力,杠杆率等等,有些ratios还能够具体反应库存周转比率,应收账款的周转比率... 对于任何生意的管理者来说,都是重要的会计指标,另一方面来说,对于投资者和银行做出投资决策的重要依据。
请注意,会计Ratios analysis是属于定量分析,商业决策需要定量分析和定性分析结合来做出。
5.Ratio Analysis
Profit margin ratio=Profit\Revenue X100
(Gross Profit没有减去overheads,operating profit=net profit)
Liquidity Ratio:
Current Ratio=Current Asts\Current Liabiliies
Acid-test Ratio=Liquid asts(Current asts-inventory)\ Current Liabiliies
Analysis of published accounts
Interpreting company performance
—Profitability ratio
RoCE=operating profit/capital employed *100 注意evaluation
—Liquidity ratios(AS short-term)
—Financial efficient ratios
Inventory turnover ratio=cost of goods sold/value of inventory
=value of inventory/cost of sales/365
Day’s sales in trade receivables ratio=trade accounts receivable*365/revenue
Accounts receivable turnover ratio=revenue/trade receivable
—Shareholder ratios
Dividend yield ratio=dividend per share/current share price *100
Dividend cover ratio=profit for the year/annual dividends (comparison with quential years)
P/E ratio:(comparison with different industries)
Price / earning ratio=current share price/earning per share
Earning per share=profit for the year after tax and interest/annual dividends
—Gearing ratios=non-current liabilities/shareholder’s equity+non-current liabilities(long-term)
Alternative gearing ratio=long-term debts/shareholder’s equity *100
=total debts/total asts *100
Interest cover ratio=profit for the year before tax and interest/annual interest paid
Evaluation (limits to the ratios effectiveness)
—comparison needed
—trend analysis
—no non-numerical aspects analysis
—depreciation methods leading different capital employed
Current ratio, 流动比率是比较一年内到期的负债和企业账上的现金及一年内可以转卖为现金的资产。它衡量的是企业短期内偿还债务的能力,一般我们认为2:1是一个比较安全的指标,但是其实这个指标在不同行业标准也不一样,很多运营良好的企业流动比率都是低于2:
1。一个非常高的流动率也不一定是一个好事情,因为现金被称为”idle ast”闲置现金,并不给企业带来任何回报,这样会认为企业并没有很好有效的利用企业的资源。
Acid test:速冻比率
Acid test=(current asts-inventory)÷current liabilities
是上一个公式的变形,在短期资产中排除库存影响。企业的库存有时候在短期时间内很难转换为现金,所以在计算流动资产的时候要排除库存。很多人认为一个安全的速冻比率是1:1,但很多运营很好的企业都在这个比例数之下。