「英语国家社会与文化」期末考试要点
Part I Blank Filling (每小题1分，共35分)
1. Britain is a constitutional monarchy
the head of state--Queen elizabeth II
the head of government--prime minister
2. The official name of UK--United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland
3. The defensive fortification in northern England built from AD 122--Hadrian's Wall
4. The flag of the united kingdom--Union Jack, Red Cross of Saint patrick - Ireland
The Cross of saint George - England
The Cross of saint Andrew - Scotland
5. British civil wars (1455-1485)--Wars of the Ros
6. The United States of American is a federal constitutional republic,
the capital district--Washington, D.C.
states--50个（除Alaska State 和Hawaii State 之外的48个在本土）
7. The fist permanent ttlement in north America--Jamestwon（English 1607）
8. The national government after the war of independence was won--the United States Constitution was ratified in 1788，the new republic’s first Senate, Hou of Reprentatives, and president--George Washington--took office in 1789.
9. In 1492，the discovery of Columbus--In 1942，Christopher Columbus, under contract to the Spanish Crown, reached “La Florida”
10. Mayflower--the Pilgrim ship that in 1620 made the historic voyage from England to the New World. Mayflower master Christopher Jones
11. In 1063，Martin Luther King for civil rights
12. British favorite public sport--football
13. Rugby school is one of the oldest independent schools in Britain --rugby
14. OXBRIDGE--the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge
15. On December 7，1941，Japane attacked on pearl harbor ,which led the pacific war broke out. The United States entered the war formally, and isolationism vanished overnight
16. Symbols of the American Two parties are the elephant and donkey , which reprents the Republican and the Democratic Party
17. bride新娘 groom新郎 bridesmaid伴娘 the best man伴郎 bride’s father新娘的爸爸 priest神职人员（男）
18. In the 1980s, when the conrvative party under Margaret Thatcher was in power, and extensive program of privatization was carried out.
19. Adam Smith the wealth of nations
20. New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on Wall Street
21. Detroit -- motor city
San Francisco -- the center of technology development
Los Angeles -- takes lead in the country’s film and television industries
Hollywood -- the capital of motion pictures in the world
Boston -- the city where most famous universities are located
New York -- the center of financial, publishing, broadcasting, and advertising industries
Part II Definitions (每小题3分，共15分)
1. Norman conquest: The Norman conquest of England was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army of Norman, Breton, and French soldiers led by Du
ke William II of Normandy, later William the Conqueror.
2. Henry VIII: Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later assumed the Kingship, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France. He was the cond monarch of the Tudor dynasty. Besides his six marriages, Henry VIII is known for his role in the paration of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church for his divorce.
3. A-level: The General Certificate of Education Advanced Level, is an academic qualification offered by educational institutions to students completing condary or pre-university education. It requires studying an offered A-level subject over a two-year period and sitting for an examination at the end of each year (AS and A2, respectively), proctored by an official asssment body. Most students study three or four A-level subjects simultaneously during Year 12 and Year 13 (ages 16–18), either in a condary education institution or in a Sixth Form College, as part of their further education.
4. The American War of Independence: began as a war between the Kingdom of Great
Britain and the Thirteen Colonies, but gradually grew into a world war between Britain on one side and the newly formed United States, France, Netherlands, Spain, and Mysore on the other. The war was from April 19, 1775 to September 3, 1783, was the result of the political American Revolution and began in Lexington, the eastern north America. At last, through signing Peace of Paris, British recognized the United States of America. American independence was achieved.
5. Academy Awards: commonly known as The Oscars, are a t of awards given annually for excellence of cinematic achievements. Organized and overen by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the awards are given each year at a formal ceremony. The awards were first given in 1929, is the oldest award ceremony in the media, and also one of the most prominent award ceremonies in the world.
