托福模拟考试及答案解析（16）
(1~6/共56题)阅读理解
Poetic Justice in Literature
Poetic justice can best be described by the phra "you reap what you sow" as, esntially, good deeds are rewarded whereas bad deeds are punished. As a literary device, it provides readers with a n of satisfaction that everything ultimately turns out properly since good emerges triumphant and evil is vanquished. Poetic justice appears throughout history in the literature in cultures around the world. There is a universal trend in which people sympathize with good characters who suffer and wish ill upon bad individuals who cau suffering. By employing poetic justice, an author can give the reading audience exactly what it wants.
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle did not entirely agree with its u since he believed tragedy's primary purpo was to evoke emotions of pity and fear in an audience, yet poetic
justice was common in Greek poetry and drama. The classic example of it is found in the play Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. An oracle prophesizes that Oedipus will kill his father and marry his mother. Defying the gods and rebelling against his fate, Oedipus flees what he believes to be his homeland and heads for the kingdom of Thebes. During his journey, he quarrels with a stranger on a road and kills the man, and then he weds the king's widow. Unbeknownst to him, the stranger was his father and the woman his mother; they had abandoned him as a baby, and he had been raid in a foreign land. In the Greek mind, Oedipus was rightly punished for attempting to alter his destiny, which only the gods could determine.
The plays of William Shakespeare abound with examples of poetic justice as well. Hamlet has one instance in the gui of Hamlet's uncle, Claudius, who murders Hamlet's father, usurps the throne, and then marries Hamlet's mother. By the end of the play, Claudius receives his just reward when Hamlet kills him. In other Shakespearian plays, including King Lear and Macbeth, greed and the desire for power result in tragedy for tho who misdeeds trigger terrible events and subquently receive their derved fat
e by the end of the play.
*vanquish: to defeat, often in battle
*prophesize: to tell the future
第1题
The author discuss Oedipus Rex in paragraph 2 in order to ______
A.claim that it was disliked by Aristotle becau of its usage of poetic justice
B.point out that it is the most famous example of poetic justice from ancient literature
C.tell the story of Oedipus and explain why the Greek people enjoyed it so much
D.describe the events that occur that result in Oedipus receiving poetic justice
第2题
In paragraph 3, why does the author mention William Shakespeare? ______
A.To name him as an author who included many examples of poetic justice in his work
B.To compare the manner in which he ud poetic justice to the way Sophocles ud it
C.To describe the events in and , two of the most famous plays he wrote
D.To ascribe his continuing popularity to the fact that he made u of poetic justice
第3题
Vocabulary
______=to feel compassion for
第4题
______=destiny
第5题
______=to produce
第6题
______=to take power by force
下一题
(7~12/共56题)阅读理解
The Structure of the Human Eye
Comprid of more than thirty, major parts, the human eye ranks among the body's most intricately designed and complex organs. However, for simplicity's sake, this complicated body part can be reduced to its major components—the pupil, iris, lens, cornea, retina, and optic nerve—and their main functions. Each part plays a vital role in granting sight to a person.
The most familiar parts of the eye are the pupil and the iris becau they are easily visible when looking at a person's eyes. The pupil is the central hole that allows light to e
nter the eye. It typically changes size to permit entry to more or less light by contracting in bright light and expanding in dim light. The iris is the colored area of the eye surrounding the pupil and is the part which controls the contracting and expanding of the pupil thanks to muscles connected to it that enable the iris to open and clo.
The cornea and lens let the eye focus light in particular ways after it enters the eye. The cornea is located in front of the pupil and iris while the lens lies behind them. The cornea is a curved, transparent structure that bends light toward the pupil. On account of this function, the cornea has no blood vesls that could potentially cloud it, so it receives nutrients from the watery tears that cover the eye whenever a person blinks. As for the lens, it takes the light entering the pupil and focus it toward the back of the eye in the direction of the retina. The lens has the ability to change shapes to focus on objects at various distances.
The retina is formed by nsitive photoreceptor cells called rods and cones, which form the images that a person es through the pupil. The rods handle black and white images
and are ud mostly in situations involving dim light while the cones are responsible for images requiring colored light. As images form on the retina, they are instantaneously nt along the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as what a person es.
*component: a piece or pad of something larger
*cloud: to make blurry
第7题
The author discuss the iris in paragraph 2 in order to ______
A.claim it is the most visible part of the eye
B.explain the manner in which it works with the pupil
C.compare its functions with tho of the pupil
D.focus on how it gives color to the eye
第8题
In paragraph 4, the author us nsitive photoreceptor cells as an example of ______
