英语副词的分类及用法
一、副词的识别和用法
副词在句子中作状语，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词本身或者整个句子。我们可以通过以下方式来识别副词。
1、以-ly结尾的单一副词。很多副词由“形容词+ly”构成，如carefully, successfully但要注意的是，“名词+ly”构成的是形容词，如friendly, brotherly, lovely, manly等。
2、在形容词、副词或者介词短语前。有些副词并不是由加-ly构成的，如often, fast, there, then, very, quite, perhaps等，识别的办法是：如果它们置于形容词或副词前，便可断定是副词。例如：
She asked teachers for advice on her lessons very often. （在副词前）
她经常就学习向老师请教。
Generally, our experiment was quite successful.（在形容词前）
总的说来，我们的试验相当成功。
Much to my surpri, the cat came to life three days later.（在介词短语前）
使我非常惊奇的是，这只猫三天后又活过来了。
3、在动词前或者后面。修饰动词时，副词常置于动词前，有时也可后置。例如：
We drove slowly on the muddy road.
我们在泥泞的路上缓慢地行驶。
4、单独置于句子之首，或者插在句子中间。单个的词用逗号与句子隔开时，这个词多半是副词，作状语修饰整个句子。例如：
Fortunately, I was abnt from the hou when the earthquake occurred.
幸运的是，地震发生时我不在家。
二、副词的分类
1、方式副词。多由形容词加-ly构成，例如patient / patiently, mad / madly, sudden / suddenly；也包括由-l结尾的形容词，此时l要双写，如beautiful / beautifully；一些介词短语也可以作方式状语。方式
副词用来表行为方式或者状态。例如：
The scientific workers carefully watched the situations of the quake lakes day and night.
科学工作者们日夜仔细地监视着堰塞湖的情况。
Though Beethoven heard badly, he made it as a great musician.
尽管贝多芬听力很差，却成了一个伟大的科学家。
2、地点副词。说明事物的“方位”，如here, there, abroad, ahead, anywhere, away, back, forwards, south, left, upstairs, above, behind, below, down, up等；一些介词短语也可以作地点状语。例如：
Indoors it is nice and warm. Outside it is snowing heavily.
室内非常温暖，室外大雪纷飞。
Our plane was traveling north at 800 km an hour about 5,000 meters above the sky.
我们的飞机正以每小时八百公里的速度在5千米高空向北飞行。
3、时间副词。说明动作行为的时间，如today, tomorrow, yesterday, age, early, late, later, already, afterwards, lately, recently, then, now, soon, once, just, immediately, nowadays, yet, still以及介词短语和名词词组，如sat last, at once, another day, some day, the years等。例如：
That day we arrived at the airport too early, so we went to the café for some coffee.
那天我们到达机场太早了，所以去咖啡馆喝了点咖啡。
He started working at Lawson’s ven months ago and worked there for only four months.
他七个月前开始在劳森店里干活，只在那里工作了四个月。
4、频度副词。表某行为或动作发生的频度，即多久发生一次，包括表确定性的频度副词如once, twice, three times a month，daily, monthly, yearly, annually, every day, every three years等，以及表非确定性的频度副词（按频度大小排列）：always, almost, usually/ regularly, often/ frequently, sometimes/ occasionally, ever, hardly/ scarcely/ ldom, never。还有一些词组如again and again, at times, from time to time, now and then等。例如：
There’s a collection from the letter box twice daily.
这个信箱每天收两次信。
Public transport isn’t always very reliable.
公共交通并不总是可靠的。
5、程度副词。用来回答To what extent?（到什么程度？）的问题，最常用的有almost, altogether, very, barely, enough, fairly, hardly, nearly, quite, rather, somewhat, too, much, pretty, a lot等，这些词大都用在它们所修饰的词之前。例如：
The destruction caud by Wenchuan Earthquake is very fearful.
汶川地震造成的破坏非常巨大。
I quite enjoy mountain holidays.
我相当喜欢在山区度假。
6、焦点副词（focus adverbs）。“集中注意”时用的副词，如even, just, merely, only, really, simply 等以及too, as well，可以用在所修饰的词之前，使人对其集中注意。例如：
Even two years olds know that 2 and 2 makes 4.
即使两岁孩子都知道2加2等于4。
I like John and I like his wife and children, too / as well.
我喜欢约翰，也喜欢他的妻子和孩子。
7、评述性副词。也叫观点副词，表说话人的态度、观点，常用的有clearly, frankly, honestly, generally, briefly, personally, hopefully, shortly/ in short, fortunately, luckily, evidently, normally等，这类词多出现在句首。例如：
Frankly, I am not satisfied with your work.
坦率地说，我对你的工作并不满意。
He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didn’t.
他发出狞笑。显然知道一些我所不知道的事。
8、连接副词。用来对前面所说的话作补充、修饰或总结等，这类副词有however, meanwhile, as a result, at the same time, on the contrary, furthermore等。值得注意的是，这类副词常用于中学英语书面表达
