考点43 阅读理解词义猜想题
该类题常见的考查形式有：
1. The phra “…〞in the ntence could be replaced by ____.
2. The word “…〞in the paragraph refers to ____.
3. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the unlined word mean?
4. Which of the fol lowing is the clost in meaning to the phra “…〞?
5. The word “…〞most nearly means ____.
对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜想，但这种猜想不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。下面介绍几种常见的猜想词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
1．构词法猜词
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜想词义很有帮助。如：unforeeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, e , able；其中e 是词根，fore是“先，前，
预〞的含义，un是否认，able是“能……的，可……的〞，因此unforeeable 是“未能预见到的〞意思。
…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to n when they’re being stared at. If people doubt the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and e
for themlves.〞…
70. The underlined word “outcome〞in the last paragraph most probably means .
A. value
B. result
C. performance
D. connection
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法〞进行猜想。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出〞。再根据句子的语境，可猜想出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
2．利用同义近义词猜词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and 或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the venteenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. …
65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle〞as it is ud in the text?
A. To encourage people to rai questions.
B. To cau difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
【答案】B
【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解〞的意思。
3．利用反义词猜词
比照是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在比照中，比照的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或比照关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否认或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
…A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. …
74.What does the underl ined word “hassle〞probably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
【答案】C
【解析】根据前句的否认doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一比照关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, trouble相近。答案为C。
4．利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行符合逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
【2019·天津卷，D】
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than
350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story pos an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to ed long before？
We've all known people who run out of steam before they reach life's halfway mark. I'm not talking about tho who fail to get to the top. We can't all get there. I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing becau they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
……
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one's struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lo the interest to continue learning.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
52.D
【解析】词义猜想题。根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing becau they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长
