【导语】新概念英语⼀共144课。整本书⽆论是语法还是词汇，题材还是语句，都有其出彩之处。正是因为如此，新概念英语更是经久不衰，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的喜爱。⽆忧考为您整理了“新概念英语第4册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson25~27”，希望可以帮助到您！
新概念英语第4册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson25
【课⽂】
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
What conclusion does the author draw about noi and health in this piece?
May people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noi, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noi affects people. On the other hand, tho who dislike noi will sometimes u most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, becau noi abatement really is a good cau, and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with had science.
One allegation often made is that noi produces mental illness. A recent article in a weekly newspaper, for instance, was headed with a striking illustration of a lady in a state of considerable distress, with the caption 'She was yet another victim, reduced to a screaming wreck'. On turning eagerly to the text, one learns that the lady was a typist who found the sound of office typewriters worried her more and more until eventually she had to go into a mental hospital. Now the snag in this sort of anecdote is of cour that one merely a symptom? Another patient might equally well complain that her neighbours were combining to slander her and percute her, and yet one might be cautious about believing this statement. What is needed in ca of noi is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions, to discover whether they are mentally ill more often than other people are. Some time ago the United States Navy, for instance, examined a very large number of men working on aircraft carriers: the study was known as Project Anehin. It can be unpleasant to live even veral miles from an aerodrome; if you think what it must be like to share the deck of a ship with veral squadrons of jet aircraft, you will realize that a modern navy is a good place to study noi. But neither psychiatric interviews nor objective tests were able to show any effects upon the American sailors. This result merely confirms earlier American and British studies: if there is any effect of noi upon mental health, it must be so small that prent methods of psychiatric diagnosis cannot find it. That does not prove that it does exist: but it does mean that nois
e is less dangerous than, say, being brought up in an orphanage -- which really is mental health hazard.
D.E.BROADBENT Non-auditory effects of noi from Science Survey
【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】
auditory adj. 听觉的
inadequate adj. 不适当的 plea n. 要求
abatement n. 减少
discredit v. 怀疑
allegation n. 断⾔
caption n. 插图说明
wreck n. 残废⼈
snag n. 疑难之处，障碍
anecdote n. 轶闻
slander v. 诽谤
percute v. 迫害
squadron n. 中队
psychiatric adj. 精神病学的 diagnosis n. 诊所
orphanage n. 孤⼉院
【课⽂注释】
1.the Services 军队
2.inadequate adj.
①lacking the requisite qualities or resources to meet a task 不适当的
例句:He has made an inadequate choice.
他做了⼀个不适当的选择。
②not sufficient to meet a need 不充分的
例句:Inadequate food can stunt a child's development.
⾷物不⾜能影响⼉童的发育。
【反义词】adequate adj. ⾜够的, 适当的
3.discredit vt. the state of being held in low esteem 使 ... 不可信, 怀疑, 损害 ... 的信⽤ 例句:They no longer try to discredit the technology itlf.
他们不再试图怀疑这种技术本⾝。
4.be associated with 与 ... 相联系
例句:In children's minds, summers are associated with picnics.
在孩⼦们看来，夏天总是和郊游连在⼀起的。
I didn't want to be associated with it at all.
我根本不想与这事有牵连。
5.allegation n. 断⾔, 主张, 辩解, 指控
例句:She declared that the allegation was a lie.
她断⾔这⼀说法是谎⾔。
He demanded the right of reply to the newspaper allegation.
他要求获得对报纸断⾔的答辩权。
6.On turning eagerly to the text, one 句中on的意思是on the occasion of, directly after(当时，随后)
7.slander
①vt. 中伤, 诽谤
例句:He that prais publicly will slander privately.
当⾯夸赞你的⼈，会在背后中伤你。
No matter how they slander us, we will never give in.
不管他们怎样诽谤我们，我们决不让步。
②n. 中伤, 诽谤
例句:In the last election, they spattered their rivals with slander
在上届选举中，他们⽤谣⾔中伤对⼿。
8.percute vt. 迫害, 烦扰, 为难
例句:They percute tho who do not conform to their idea.
他们迫害那些不信奉他们思想的⼈。
9.aircraft carrier 航空母舰
10.That does not prove that it does not exist; but it does 句中出现的3个does的语法功能并不相同，前两个does是⼀般现在时的否定式使⽤的助动词，第3个does则是强调⽤法，有强化句意的作⽤。
【参考译⽂】
在⼯业部门⼯作和在军队中服役的许多⼈对噪声⾳有切⾝的体会，他们认为对这个问题进⾏调查中浪费时间，甚⾄不愿承认噪⾳可能对⼈有影响。另⼀⽅⾯，那些讨厌噪⾳的⼈有时会⽤不充分的证据来⽀持他们希望有⼀个较为安静的社会环境的要求。要求减少噪⾳是件好事，但是如果与拙劣的科学掺杂在⼀起的话，就不会被⼈们所信任，这是很遗憾的。
常见的⼀种指责是，噪⾳能引起精神病。例如，最近⼀家周报刊登了⼀篇⽂章，⽂章上⽅有⼀幅引⼈注⽬的插图，是⼀位表情沮丧的⼥⼦。图的⽂字说明：“她是⼜⼀个受害者，成了只会尖叫的可怜⾍。”当⼈们急切地看完正⽂后，便知道这⼥⼦是个打字员，办公室打字机的声⾳使她越来越烦，最终住进了精神病医院。这类奇闻的疑难之处是⽆法区别因果关系。是噪⾳引起了(精神)病呢，还是(精神)病的症状之⼀是对噪⾳的抱怨?另有⼀位病⼈可能同样有理由抱怨说，她的邻居们正在联合起来对她进⾏诽谤和迫害，不过，⼈们不会轻信她的抱怨。
对于噪⾳问题，需要对⼤量⽣活在噪⾳中的⼈进⾏研究，看⼀看他们是否⽐其他⼈更易患精神病。例如，美国海军前些时候调查了许多在航空母航上⼯作的⼈，这次调查被称之为：“安内英⼯程”。即使住在离机场⼏英⾥以外的地⽅，机场的噪⾳也会使⼈难受。因此，如果你能想像出和⼏个中队的喷⽓机同在⼀个甲板上是什么滋味⼉的话，你就会认识到现代海军是研究噪⾳的好地⽅。但是，不管进
⾏精神病学的调查访问，还是进⾏客观的测试，都不能显⽰噪⾳对这些美国⽔兵有任何影响。这个结果只不过证实了美国和英国早些时候的研究结论：如果噪⾳对精神健康有影响的话，那也⼀定是微乎其微，以致现代的精神病诊断⽅法还发现不了。这并不是证实不存在噪⾳对健康的影响。但它确实说明，噪⾳的危险性 -- ⽐如说 -- ⽐在孤⼉院长⼤所受的危害要⼩⼀些，孤⼉院才是真正危害精神健康的地⽅。
新概念英语第4册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson26
【课⽂】
First listen and then answer the following question.
听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。
What is the main condition for the prervation of the remains of any living creature?
It is animals and plants which lived in or near water who remains are most likely to be prerved, for one of the necessary conditions of prervation is quick burial, and it is only in the as and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and sit have been continuously deposited, that bodies and the can be rapidly covered over and prerved.
But even in the most favourable circumstances only a small fraction of the creatures that die are prerved in this way before decay ts in or, even more likely, before scavengers eat them. After all, all living creatures live by feeding on something el, whether it be plant or animal, dead or alive, and it is only by chance that such a fate is avoided. The remains
