A Treati on Good Manners and Good Breeding
By Jonathan Swift
Good manners are the art of making tho people easy with whom we conver.
Whoever makes the fewest persons uneasy is the best bred in the company.
As the best law is founded upon reason,so are the best manners.And some lawyers have introduced unreasonable things into common law, so likewi many teachers have introduced absurd things into common good manners.评标专家管理办法
礼貌就是使与我们交谈的人安然处之的一种艺术。
在一群人中，最越不让人感到局促不安，谁就越有教养。
最公正的法律是建立在理智之上的；同样，最好的行为举止也是建立在理智之上的。有的律师把没有道理的东西引进了习惯法；同样，许多教师把荒唐可笑的东西引进了礼貌之中。
One principal point of this art is to suit our behaviour to the three veral degrees of men; our superiors,our equals, and tho below us.
For instance, to press either of the two former to eat or drink is a breach of manners; but a farmer or a tradesman must be thus treated, or el it will be difficult to persuade them that
they are welcome.
礼貌艺术的一大要素是以适当的行为举止来对待三种不通层次的人，即我们的长者，我们的同辈和低于我们这一层次的人。
例如，强迫前两种层次的人吃菜喝酒是失礼的，但是农夫或者商贩就应这样对待，否则要让他们相信他们是受欢迎的是很困难的。
Pride, ill nature, and want of n, are the three great sources of ill manners; without some one of the defects, no man will behave himlf ill for want of experience; or of what, in the language of fools, is called knowing the world.
I defy anyone to assign an incident wherein reason will not direct us what we are to say or do in company, if we are not misled by pride or ill nature.
骄傲自大，性情乖癖，缺乏理性是失礼的三大根源。如果能根除这些弊病，没有人会因为缺乏经验，或者，如某些愚人所说，因为谙于世故而有失礼貌的。
我敢说任何人能举出一个事例来说明，要不是受到骄傲情绪或坏脾气的舞蹈，理智总会指引我们与人交往时谈吐得体，举止适度。Therefore, I insist that good n is the principa
l foundation of good manners; but becau the former is a gift which very few among mankind are possd of, therefore all the civilized nations of the world have agreed upon fixing some rules for common behavoiur, best suited to their genernal customs, or fancies, as a kind of artificial good n, to supply the defects of reson. Without which the gentlemanly part of duces would be perpetually at cuffs, as they ldom fail when they happen to be drunk,or engaged in squabbles about women or play. And, God be thanked, there hardly happens a duel in a year, which may not be imputed to one of tho three motives.Upon which accout, I should be exceedigly sorry to find the legislature make any new laws against the practice of dueling; becau the methods are easy and many for a wi man to avoid a quarrel with honour, or engage in it with innocence.And I can discover no political evil in suffering bullies, sharpers, and rakes, to rid the world of each other by a method of their own; where the law hath not been able to find an expedient.
因此我坚持认为理性是礼貌所需的最重要的基础。但是由于人类之中很少有人具备理性这种天赋才能，所以世界上所有的文明国度都同意制定最能适合他们风俗或想象的规范行为
体操的英语
举止的规章制度，作为一种人为的理性以弥补理智的缺乏。没有这种人为的理性，愚蠢的人之中举止尚属文雅的那部分人便会无休止的挥拳相向，他们在喝的酩酊大醉时，或者在大声讨论女人和玩乐时总是这样的。并且谢天谢地，每年之中发生的决斗几乎无一不可归咎于上述三个原因中的一个。由于这一缘故，我将对立法机构制定任何旨在禁止决斗行为的新法律深表遗憾；因为明智的人可以有许多简捷的办法避免体面的决斗或无知的搏杀。并且在法律尚无有效对策的地方，容忍恃强凌弱，诈骗者和浪荡子自己采取的方法来相互铲除，以求清理世界---我看不出这样做有什么政治祸害。
鲁菜图片As the common forms of good manners were intended for regulating the conduct of tho who have weak understandings ; so they have been corruped by the persons for who u they were contrived. For thers people have fallen into a needless and endless way of multiplying ceremonies, which have been extremely troublesome to tho who practi them, and insupportable to everybody el: insomuch that wi man are often more uneasy at the over civility of the refiners, than they could possibly be in the conversations of peasants or mechanics.
制定良好行为的规范形式，是为了指导调整只是肤浅的人的举止，然而这些规范形式又恰
恰为这些规范形式的制定对象所破坏。因为这些人已习惯于无必要和无休止的增加种种繁文缛节，这些繁文缛节使遵守执行的人无所适从，使所有别的人不敢赞同。现在情况已经到了这样的地步，明智的人对这些谨小慎微的人的过分客套感到局促不安，倒不如与农夫商贩的交谈更为轻松自如。
淘宝可以货到付款吗>廉政专题党课The impertinencies of this ceremonial behaviour are nowhere better en than at tho tables where ladies preside, who value themlves upon account of their good breeding; where a man must reckon upon passing an hour without doing any one thing he has a mind to; unless he will be so hardy to break through all the ttled decorum of the family. She determines what he loves best, and how much he shall eat; and if the master of the hou happens to be of the same disposition, he proceeds in the same tyrannical manner to prescribe in the drinking part: at the same time, you are under the necessity of answering a thousand apologies for your entertainment. And although a good deal of this humour is pretty well worn off among many people of the best fashion, yet too much of it still remains, especially in the country; where an honest gentleman assured me, that having been kept four days, against his will, at a friend's hou, with all the circumstance
s of hiding his boots, locking up the stable, and other contrivances of the like nature, he could not remember, from the moment he came into the hou to the moment he left it, any one thing, wherein his inclination was not directly contradicted; as if the whole family had entered into a combination to torment him.
But, besides all this, it would be endless to recount the many foolish and ridiculous accidents I have obrved among the unfortunate prolytes to ceremony. I have en a duchess fairly knocked down, by the precipitancy of an officious coxcomb running to save her the trouble of opening a door. I remember, upon a birthday at court, a great lady was utterly desperate by a dish of sauce let fall by a page directly upon her head-dress and brocade, while she gave a sudden turn to her elbow upon some point of ceremony with the person who sat next her. Monsieur Buys, the Dutch envoy, who politics and manners were much of a size, brought a son with him, about thirteen years old, to a great table at court. The boy and his father, whatever they put on their plates, they first offered round in order, to every person in the company; so that we could not get a minute's quiet during the whole dinner. At last their two plates happened to encounter, and with so much
violence, that, being china, they broke in twenty pieces, and stained half the company with wet sweetmeats and cream.
呵护是什么意思
There is a pedantry in manners, as in all arts and sciences; and sometimes in trades. Pedantry is properly the overrating any kind of knowledge we pretend to. And if that kind of knowledge be a trifle in itlf, the pedantry is the greater. For which reason I look upon fiddlers, dancing-masters, heralds, masters of the ceremony, etc. to be greater pedants than Lipsius, or the elder Scaliger. With the kind of pedants, the court, while I knew it, was always plentifully stocked; I mean from the gentleman usher (at least) inclusive, downward to the gentleman porter; who are, generally speaking, the most insignificant race of people that this island can afford, and with the smallest tincture of good manners, which is the only trade they profess. For being wholly illiterate, and conversing chiefly with each other, they reduce the whole system of breeding within the forms and circles of their veral offices; and as they are below the notice of ministers, they live and die in court under all revolutions with great obquiousness to tho who are in any degree of favour or credit, and with rudeness or insolence to everybody el. Whence I have long c
oncluded, that good manners are not a plant of the court growth: for if they were, tho people who have understandings directly of a level for such acquirements, and who have rved such long apprenticeships to nothing el, would certainly have picked them up. For as to the great officers, who attend the prince's person or councils, or preside in his family, they are a transient body, who have no better a title to good manners than their neighbours, nor will probably have recour to gentlemen ushers for instruction. So that I know little to be learnt at court upon this head, except in the material circumstance of dress;- wherein the authority of the maids of honour must indeed be allowed to be almost equal to that of a favourite actress.
九仙草
I remember a passage my Lord Bolingbroke told me, that going to receive Prince Eugene of Savoy at his landing, in order to conduct him immediately to the Queen, the prince said, he was much concerned that he could not e her Majesty that night; for Monsieur Hoffman (who was then by) had assured his Highness that he could not be admitted into her prence with a tied-up periwig; that his equipage was not arrived; and that he had endeavoured in vain to borrow a long one among all his valets and pages. My lord turned
七年级上册数学知识点归纳the matter into a jest, and brought the Prince to her Majesty; for which he was highly censured by the whole tribe of gentlemen ushers; among whom Monsieur Hoffman, an old dull resident of the Emperor's, had picked up this material point of ceremony; and which, I believe, was the best lesson he had learned in five-and-twenty years' residence.
