第9讲能源专题
Passage 1：世界能源新格局正在形成(The changing world energy landscape)
Words and Expressions
格局landscape
文明城市自给lf-sufficient
生物质能biomass energy
笑话的英文
潮汐能tidal energy
重心center of gravity
替代能源alternative energy
中间阶段intermediate stage
主体能源dominant/top/biggest source of energy
舍己为人的近义词
贝灵顿一次能源消费primary energy u; consumption of primary energy sources
摆脱对……的依赖wean sb. off sth.；cut reliance on…：reduce dependence on…
Passage 2：中国能源结构的调整
许愿的句子简短
Words and Expressions
养羊的利润
国际能源署署长范德胡芬Maria van der Hoeven，Executive Director of IEA
非常规的油气资源unconventional oil and natural gas
节能减排技术energy conrvation and emission reduction technologies 建筑耗能energy u for buildings
耗能大户major consumers of energy
海洋温差能ocean thermal energy
循环再生be replenished
煤层气coalbed methane
防中暑油页岩oil shale
天然气水合物natural gas hydrates
近年来，由于经济发展的要求和不断减少的能源资源，世界和中国的能源安全都出现了许多问题，其引发的冲突乃至战争与日俱增。在这种情况下，可以说今后一个国家未来的命运将取决于对能源的掌控。国际能源署发布的《世界能源展望2013》认为，非常规的油气资源和可再生能源现在正在改变全球的能源格局。//
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口约占世界总人口数量的五分之一，但能源结构还处于煤炭阶段。在中国一次能源结构中，煤炭的消费总量比重约为66.4％，石油为18.9％。// 尽管我国有较大的煤储量，这种以煤为主的一次能源结构还是不利于长期发展的，而且我国的节能减排技术推广缓慢，导致主要能源平均利用率长期偏低，造成了奢靡的资源浪费和严重的环境污染。
我认为未来20年，中国必须使煤炭在能源结构中所占比重下降20％达到50％左右。只有调整煤炭在能源结构中的比例，才能有效减少排放从根本上解决雾霾等严重的环境问题。除此之外，还要加快发展新能源，使我国的能源产业释放更多的正能量。//能源改革应当是一个整体改革，需要整体设计，还需政府加强引导，提出一套有效可行的能源结构调整方案并加以落实。具体来说，我认为以下几个方面值得特别关注。//
（一）进行绿色城市规划，减少建筑耗能。在能源消费结构中，建筑耗能已占到我国社会总能耗的30％，与工业耗能、交通运输耗能成为我国能源消耗的三大“耗能大户”。因此，降低建筑耗能，实施建筑节能，对于促进能源资源节约和合理利用，缓解我国的能源供应与经济社会发展的矛盾，有着举足轻重的作用。//
（二）发展可再生能源。可再生能源包括太阳能、水力、风力、生物质能、波浪能、潮汐能、海洋温差能等，它们可以在自然界中循环再生。发展可再生能源利在社会，意在长远。经过多年的发展，我国可再生能源的开发利用已取得了很大进展。但仍要学习借鉴发达国家的技术和经验，大力推进水、风、太阳能等多种发电形式，积极利用生物质能，将其放到中国能源结构调整的重要地位上，并把其作为能源安全战略的重要组成部分。//另外，我认为还可以将调整能源结构的重点指向天然气、煤层气、页岩气、油页岩、天然气水合物等几种非常规油气资源。其中，页岩气的发展前景尤其广阔。中国目前是世界上最大的页岩气储藏国。据有关部门预测，估计到2020年，页岩气产量可达到150亿立
方米，消费量将占到国内一次能源消费的0.45。页岩气的蓬勃发展不仅可以作为替代天然气的能源，还可以最大化地降低电力成本，最重要的是它将在我国能源结构的重塑中起到至关重要的作用。//
参考译文:
Reshaping China's energy mix
In recent years, as the economy is developing and energy resources are declining, energy curity of the world and of China are faced with many problems. Conflicts and wars associated with energy incurity are increasing. In that n, the future of a country hinges on its control over energy. According to the World Energy Outlook 2013 relead by the International Energy Agency, unconventional oil and gas, together with renewable energy sources, are changing the global energy landscape.
As the largest developing country in the world, China has a population that makes up one-fifth of the world's total, but its energy mix is still dominated by coal. In China's portfolio of primary energy u, coal accounts for 66.4% and oil 18.9%. Though China has vast coal rerves, coal's dominance in primary energy consumption is harmful to the country's development in the long run. Furthermore, energy conrvation and emission reduction technologies are developing slowly in China. As a cons
equence, the efficiency of utilizing major energy sources remains low on average, leading to a rious waste of resources and vere environmental pollution.
In my view, China must reduce the share of coal in its energy mix by 20% to about 50% in the next 20 years. This is the only way for China to cut emissions effectively and solve rious environmental problems like air pollution. In addition, China needs to quicken its pace of developing new energy sources so as to contribute to the sound development of the energy ctor.
Energy reform should be a comprehensive one with an overall plan and guidance from the government. The government should make a viable plan to adjust the energy mix and make sure it is properly implemented. Specifically, the following suggestions derve special attention.
First, make a green city strategy and reduce energy u for buildings. In China, buildings account for 30% of energy consumption, making them one of the top three consumers of energy, the other two being the industrial ctor and transportation. Therefore, improving the energy efficiency of buildings plays a critical role in promoting overall energy efficiency and conrvation and solving the conflict between energy supply and economic and social development.
Second, promote renewable energy. The sources of renewable energy include solar, hydro, wind, bio难忘那慈爱的眼神
mass, wave, tidal and ocean thermal energy. Renewables are derived from natural process that are continuously replenished. Developing renewable energy is beneficial to the whole society in the long run. Through many years of hard work, great advances have been achieved in the development of renewable energy. Still we need to learn from the developed countries. Greater efforts should be made to generate electricity from hydropower, wind and solar power. Biomass energy should be explored further. The renewables should play a more important role in China's energy mix and should be regarded as a key component of the country's energy curity strategy.
In addition, veral kinds of unconventional oil and natural gas, such as coalbed methane, shale gas, oil shale and natural gas hydrates, should have a bigger share in the energy mix. Shale gas, in particular, enjoys great potential. China holds the world's biggest shale gas rerves. It is estimated that shale gas production will reach 15 billion cubic meters in 2020, and its consumption will account for 0.45% of China's total primary energy u. A shale gas boom will not only make it a viable substitute for natural gas, but also bring down the costs of electricity generation considerably. More importantly, it will play a critical role in reshaping China's energy mix.
