《英国文学史及选读》第二册 复习提纲
Part VII. THE ROMANTIC PERIOD
黄山学院分数线Introduction
●Historical Background
The political & social factors that gave ri to the Romantic Movement were the three revolutions – the American Revolution,c语言小游戏 the French Revolution and the Industrial 溜溜球图片Revolution风姿绰约什么意思.
●Intellectual background
The shift in literature from emphasis on reason to instinct & emotion was intellectually prepared for by a number of thinkers in the later half of the 18th century. Reprentative thinkers are Rousau, Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine.
●Term – Romanticism
（1）Romanticism is a literary trend fighting against the idea of Enlightenment. It prevailed in England during the period of 1798—1832. It begins with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge and ends with Sir Walter Scott’s death.
（2）Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit.
（3）In esnce, it designates a literary & philosophical theory, which tends to e the individual as the very center of all life & all experience.
（4）It also places the individual at the center of art, making literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feelings & particular attitudes, & valuing its accuracy in portraying the individual’s experiences.
●Term – Lake Poets or The Lakers
唐诗三百首朗诵In English literature it refers to such romantic poets as William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylo
r Coleridge and Robert Southey who lived in the Lake District.
●Term—Gothic Novel
It is a type of romance very popular in the 18th century and at the beginning of the 19th century. I戴眼镜的图片t emphasizes things which are grotesque, violent, mysterious, supernatural, desolate and horrifying. It was applied by Horace Walpole to his novel The Castle of Otranto. It has exerted a great influence over the writers of the Romantic period with its description of the dark, irrational side of human nature. Gothic novel has exerted a great influence over the writers of the Romantic period. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho by Ann Radcliffe and Frankenstein by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance.
●Romantic Authors in England
（1）The glory of the age is in the poetry of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, Keats and Southy.
（2）Of its pro works, tho of Scott alone have attained very wide reading
（3）The essays of Charles Lamb
（4）The novels of Jane Austen and historical novels of Walter Scott
William Wordsworth (1770-1850)
“. . . poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility…” (“Preface”) 所有的好诗都是炽烈情感的自然涌流，而这种情感又是经过在宁静中追忆的. 猪大肠怎么清洗——quotation from William Wordsworth.
●Major works from William Wordsworth
Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud我好似一朵孤独的流云；Compod upon Westminster Bridge 写于威斯敏斯特桥上）
Lucy Poems露西组诗
(She Dwett Among the Untrodden Ways 她走在人迹罕至的路边；
To the Cuckoo杜鹃颂;
The Solitary Reaper孤寂的割麦女);
The Excursion远足
The Prelude序曲
●Analysis of William Wordsworth’s works
（1）She Dwett Among the Untrodden Ways is one of his famous Lucy Poems, in which the lover tells that she lived unknown and died unknown.
上海公积金电话（2）Compod upon Westminster Bridge describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London.
（3）The Solitary Reaper describes vividly and sympathetically a young peasant girl working in the fields and singing as she works and shows that the girl’s singing deeply moved the traveler and kept lingering in his heart.
（4）I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English l
iterature, and one that takes us to the core of Wordsworth’s poetic belief.
●Form
This poem contains four six-lined stanzas of iambic tetrametre(四步抑扬格), with a rhyme scheme of ababcc in each stanza.
●Theme
The theme of this poem is the rene beauty of nature through vivid description of daffodils and the poet’s respect for nature.
●Content
First Stanza –It shows a harmonious picture. The image of “cloud” gives us the impression of the poet’s pride and loftiness. But on eing numerous daffodils, the poet descends from above to below.
Second Stanza – In this stanza, the poet draws an analogy between stars and daffodils t
o emphasize the great number. “Star” in this stanza echoes with “cloud” in the previous stanza.
Third Stanza –The poet draws an analogy between waves of water and waves of daffodils. The description of the scenery ends in the cond line. Following that, the poet shifts his emphasis from scenery to emotion.
Fourth Stanza – The glee of daffodils turns into happiness of the poet. As a result, the beauty of nature becomes the beauty of mind. The last two lines explain why daffodils had brought great wealth to me, becau they had brought fresh inspiration, greater creativity and new capacity for imagination. New life has been brought to him by the memory.
