现在完成时中的“延续性”问题
现在完成时中的“延续性”问题
英语中有些动词表示的是一种短暂的动作，没有持续性，即“一发生就结束”的动作，这类动词一般称为“非延续性动词”(亦叫点动词或瞬间动词或终止性动词)，在现在完成时中，不能同表示一段时间的状语或How long连用。常见的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, lo, join, borrow, die, begin. 这些动词如果要跟一段时间连用，必须改成相应的具有延续性的词。主要一些动词变化形式如下：(课本P32)
非延续性动词 | 延续性动词 | 现在完成时形式 |
buy | have 七夕诗词 | He has had this motorcycle for two years. |
borrow | keep | She has kept this book for three weeks. |
leave | be away | They have been away from home for two days. |
arrive/reach/ get/move | be in/at | Kitty has been in Hong Kong for a month. |
come/go | be in/at | My mum has been in Beijing for two months. |
begin/start | be on | The film has been on for an hour. |
stop/finish/end | be over | The meeting has been over for two hours. |
| 做梦梦见抓鱼 die | be dead | 商务谈判论文The lamb has been dead for some time. |
join | be in/be a member of | Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year. |
become | be | How long has your sister been a teacher? |
open | be open | The shop has been open for ten hours. |
独立思考能力clo | be clod | The market has been clod since 2010. |
get married | be married | They have been married for fifteen years. 电脑怎么看电视直播 |
get up | be up | They have been up for two hours. |
come back | be back | The lost cat has been back since last night. |
fall asleep | be asleep | The dog has been asleep for veral hours. |
go out | 教育理念名言集锦be out | The old man has been out since last Friday. |
catch a cold | have a cold | 哈尔滨公积金贷款How long have you had a cold? |
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使用注意事项：
a) 非延续性动词可用于现在完成时，但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用；
The train has arrived.火车到了。
The train has been here for two hours. 火车到这里已经两个小时了。
The boy has left. 那个男孩走了。
The boy has been away for two days. 那个男孩离开已经两天了。
b) 表示一段时间的时间状语一般为：
①How long…?
②for +一段时间；
③since+一点时间。
c) 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与一段时间连用。
He hasn’t left home for a month.
I haven’t en you for a long time.
A. 用所给的时间状语改写句子：
1. He left Nanjing three days ago. (for three days)
________________________________________
2. The poor man has died. (for many years)
________________________________________
3. We have bought this hou. (for a long time)
________________________________________
4. The Greens have come to China. (since 1998)
________________________________________
5. Sally borrowed this book from the school library two weeks ago. (for two weeks)
________________________________________
B. 翻译句子：
1. 这台电脑我已经买了很长时间了。
2. 这本杂志他已经借了几乎一个星期了。
3. 自上个周五以来这些游客一直呆在南京。
4. 那位老人去世已经有相当一段时间了。
5. 电影开始多久了？
6. Kitty离开已经两天了吗？
7. Sandy加入这个俱乐部已经三年了。
8. 这封信我收到已经半个月了。
江苏13城市中考试题汇编：
单项选择：
( ) 1. ----Did you borrow the comic book from the library? (2010南通)
----Yes. I ________ it for three days. I’ll return it this afternoon.
A. borrowed B. kept C. have borrowed D. have kept
( ) 2. Look, Peter is still reading in the library. He _______ here for two hours. (09南通)
A. has come B. has been C. was D. came
( ) 3. ----So far, how long ______ you _______ the city? (09泰州)
----For two years.
A. have; been in B. did; come to C. have; gone to D. will; go to
( ) 4. The teachers _______ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn’t meet them.
(09常州)
A. had been away from B. had left
C. have been away from D. have left
( ) 5. ----______ did the important meeting_______? （08宿迁）
---- For about two hours.
A. When; begin B. How long; begin
C. When; last D. How long; last
( ) 6. ----How long have Mr and Mrs Smith________? (08无锡)
----For more than twenty years.
A. married B. had married C. got married D. been married
( ) 7. ----_______ did your uncle leave his hometown? (08扬州)
----He ________ for nearly twenty years.
A. When; has left B. When; has been away
C. How long; has left D. How long; has been away
( ) 8. ----Betty, did your son get married in the year 2000? (08镇江)
----Yes, he ________ for about eight years.
A. has married B. has been married C. has got married D. was married
翻译句子：
1. 你能告诉我这本书你借了多久了吗？（08常州）
Could you tell me _____________?
2. 这条连衣裙她已经买了两周了。（09连云港）
She _____________________________.
3. 这本书孩子们已经借了一个月了。(2010淮安)
The children ____________________________.
Keys:
A. 用所给的时间状语改写句子：
儒士1. He has been away from Nanjing for three days.
2. The poor man has been dead for many years.
3. We have had this hou for a long time.
4. The Greens have been in China since 1998.
5. Sally has kept this book from the school library for two weeks.
B. 翻译句子：
1. I have had this computer for a long time.
2. He has kept this magazine for nearly a week.
3. The tourists have been in Nanjing since last Friday.
4. The man has been dead for quite some time.
5. How long has the film been on?
