摘要
实验是物理教学不可缺少的一部分，是培养学生物理学科核心素养的重要途径。但是在农村高中，由于学校设施不齐全，实验设备陈旧，实验效果并不理想。在这样的背景下，笔者以摩擦力这一学习内容为例，研究自制教具应用于农村高中物理教学实践。
本课题致力于高中物理教具的自制与应用研究，主要进行了以下几部分工作。第一部分主要叙述自制教具的研究背景和研究现状，以确定研究方向。第二部分为自制教具的理论基础，对相关概念进行界定，并从理论上分析自制教具的特点，所遵循的原则，阐述自制物理教具的重要性。第三部分对自制教具进行需求调查分析，通过对高中物理教师进行访谈及对高一学生进行问卷调查，了解农村高中物理教学仪器及物理实验教学具体情况，并以摩擦力为例，分析学生对摩擦力相关知识存在的问题，根据实验教学需要提出在农村高中利用自制教具进行教学的必要性。第四部分详细介绍教具设计思路和制作过程。第五部分以摩擦力演示仪为载体进行相关的摩擦力实验设计。第六部分是利用教具进行教学实践，分析自制教具在物理课堂教学的应用效果。
研究结果表明，自制高中物理教具具有一定的创新性，在传统物理实验的基础上，结合力传感器制作教具能使实验现象更加明显、直观，提高教学效率。自制教具的使用能够活跃课堂氛围，对学生的学习兴趣产生积极影响，加深学生对知识点的理解和掌握。在使用演示教具的过程中，加深农村学生对信息技术应用于物理教学的理解，使学生的科学探究能力得以培养。
关键词：摩擦力自制教具演示实验
Abstract
Experiment is an important part of physics teaching and an important way to cultivate students'core quality of physics.However,in rural high schools,due to inadequate school facilities and obsolete experimental equipment,the experimental effect of some experiments is not ideal.Under such a background,the author takes the friction content as an example to study the application of lf-made teaching aids to rural high school physics teaching practice.
This topic is devoted to the rearch on the manufacture and application of friction demonstrator.The first part mainly expounds the rearch background and rearch status of lf-made teaching aids to determine the rearch direction.The cond part is the theoretical basis of lf-made teaching aids,defining related concepts,and theoretically analyzing the characteristics of lf-made teaching aids,principles to follow,the importance of lf-made teaching aids in physics.The third part is to conduct a demand survey and analysis of lf-made teaching aids.Through interviews with high school physics teachers and questionnaire surveys with high school students,understand the specific situation of rural high school physics teaching instruments and physics experiment teaching,
广东司法and take friction as an example to analyze the problems of students'knowledge about friction,according to experimental teaching It is necessary to propo the necessity of using lf-made teaching aids in rural high schools.The fourth part introduces the design idea and the production process of teaching aids in detail.The fifth part us friction demonstration instrument to design related experiment.The sixth part is to u teaching aids for teaching practice and analyze the application effect of lf-made teaching aids in physics classroom teaching.
The rearch results show that the lf-made high school physics teaching aids have certain innovations.On the basis of traditional physics experiments,the production of teaching aids with binding force nsor can make the experimental phenomena more obvious and intuitive,and improve the teaching efficiency.The u of lf-made teaching aids can activate the classroom atmosphere,positively affect students'learning interest, and deepen students'understanding and mastery of knowledge points.In the process of
using demonstration teaching aids,deepen the rural students'understanding of the application of information technology in physics teaching,so that students'scientific literacy can be cultivated.
Key words:friction;lf-made teaching aids;demo experiment
目录
摘要............................................................................................................................................I 1绪论.. (1)
1.1研究背景 (1)
1.2研究意义 (2)
FDMA
1.3国内外研究现状 (3)
1.3.1国外研究现状 (3)
1.3.2国内研究现状 (4)
1.3.3摩擦力教具研究现状 (5)
1.4研究内容与研究方法 (6)
1.4.1研究内容 (6)
1.4.2研究方法 (6)
1.5理论基础 (7)
1.5.1建构主义理论 (7)
1.5.2戴尔的“经验之塔”理论 (7)
1.5.3夸美纽斯的直观性教学原则 (8)
2自制教具相关概念 (10)
2.1教具的定义 (10)
2.2自制教具的制作原则 (10)
2.3自制物理教具的重要性 (11)
3摩擦力演示教具需求分析 (13)
3.1调查目的 (13)
3.2调查对象 (13)
3.3调查设计 (13)
3.4调查结果与分析 (13)
3.4.1教师调查结果分析 (13)讲评
3.4.2学生调查结果分析 (14)
4摩擦力演示教具的设计与制作 (19)
4.1摩擦力演示仪的设计原理 (19)
4.2摩擦力演示仪的制作过程 (20)
4.2.1传送带的制作 (20)
4.2.2测力部分制作 (22)
4.2.3电路部分设计 (23)
4.3摩擦力演示教具的优点 (25)
名言励志5摩擦力演示仪的教学内容 (26)
5.1探究影响滑动摩擦力大小的因素 (26)
5.2演示最大静摩擦力与滑动摩擦力大小的关系 (29)
5.3验证滚动摩擦力与滑动摩擦力的关系 (30)
学会质疑5.4演示滑动摩擦力的方向 (31)
5.5验证滑动摩擦力与物体重力垂直斜面上分力的关系 (32)
5.6讲解相对运动、相对静止 (34)
6摩擦力演示仪在物理教学中的应用 (36)
鸡蛋补什么6.1教学案例 (36)
午饭便当6.2教学效果分析 (46)
7结语 (49)
参考文献 (50)
致谢 (52)
附录 (53)
>四神汤
