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peripatetic (adj.)
1560s in the philosophical n, 1640s in the literal n; e peripatetic (n.).
peripeteia (n.)
also peripetia, 1590s, from Gk. peripeteia“a turn right about; a sudden change” (of fortune, in a tragedy), from peri-“around” (e peri-) + stem of piptein“to fall” (e symptom).
peripheral (adj.)
1803, from periphery + -al (1). An earlier formation was peripherial (1670s). Related: Peripherally. As a noun, peripherals, “peripheral devices of a computer,” is from 1966.膝关节痛什么原因
periphery (n.)
late 14c., “atmosphere around the earth,” from O.Fr. periferie(Mod.Fr. périphérie), from M.L. periferia, from L.L. peripheria, from Gk. peripheria “circumference, outer surface, line round a circular body,” lit. “a carrying around,” from peripheres“rounded, moving round, revolving,” peripherein “carry or move round,” from peri-“round about” (e peri-) + pherein“to carry” (e infer). Meaning “outside boundary of a surface” attested in English from 1570s; general n of “boundary” is from 1660s.
periphrasis (n.)
1530s, from L. periphrasis“circumlocution,” from Gk. periphrasis,from periphrazein“speak in a roundabout way,” from peri-“round about” (e peri-) + phrazein“to express” (e phra (n.)).
祝爸爸生日快乐的祝福语periphrastic (adj.)
1805, from Fr. périphrastique and directly from Gk. periphrastikos, from periphrazein (e periphrasis). Related: Periphrastical (1630s).
periscope (n.)
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viewing apparatus on a submarine, 1899, formed in English from peri-“around” + -scope“instrument for viewing.” Earlier (1865)a technical term in photography. Related: Periscopic.
perish (v.)
双肩包品牌十大排名mid-13c., from periss-prp. stem of O.Fr. perir“perish, be lost, be shipwrecked” (12c.), from L. perire“to be lost, perish,” lit. “to go through,” from per-“through, completely, to destruction” (e per) + ire“to go” (e ion). Related: Perished; perishing.
perishable (adj.)
late 15c., perysabyl, from M.Fr. périssable, and later (in modern form), 1610s, directly from perish+ -able. As a noun, perishables, in reference to foodstuffs, is attested from 1895.
peristalsis (n.)
1859, Mod.L. peristalsis; e peristaltic.
peristaltic (adj.)
1650s, from Modern Latin, from Gk. peristaltikos(Galen), lit. “contracting around,” from peri(e peri-) “around, about” + stalsis“checking,
constric tion,” related to stellein“draw in, bring together; t in order” (e diastole).
peristyle (n.)
1610s, from Fr. péristyle“row of columns surrounding a building” (mid-16c.), from L. peristylum, from Gk. peristylon“colonnade around a temple or court,” n oun u of neuter of peristylos“surrounded with a colonnade,” from peri-“around” (e peri-) + stylos“pillar” (e stet).
peritoneum (n.)
early 15c., from L.L. peritonaeum, from Gk. peritonaion“abdominal membrane,” lit. “part stretched over,” noun u of neuter of peritonaios “stretched over,” from peri-“around” (e peri-) + teinein“to stretch” (e tenet). Related: Peritoneal.
peritonitis (n.)
1776, medical Latin, coined c.1750 by French pathologist François-Boissier de la Croix de Sauvages (1706-1767) from Gk. peritonos(from peritonaion; e peritoneum) + -itis.
periwig (n.)
1520s, perwyke, popular corruption of perruck, from M.Fr. perruque(e peruke).
periwinkle (n.1)
evergreen plant, c.1500, dim. of parvink (12c.), from O.E. perwince, from L.L. pervinca“periwinkle” (4c.), from Latin, perhaps from pervincire“to entwine, bind,” from per-“thoroughly” (e per) + vincire“to bind, fetter” (e wind (v.1)).
periwinkle (n.2)
kind of a snail, 1520s, apparently an alteration of O.E. pinewincle (probably by influence of M.E. parvink; e periwinkle (n.1)); from O.E. pine-, which probably is from L. pina“musl,” from Gk. pine. The cond element is wincel“corner; spiral shell,” from P.Gmc. *winkil-, from PIE root *weng-“to bend, curve” (e wink (v.)).
perjure (v.)
mid-15c. “swear fally” (implied in perjured; late 13c. in Anglo-French), from O.Fr. parjurer“to break one's word, renege on a promi” (11c.), from L. periurare“to swear fally, break one's oath” (e perjury). Reflexive n is from 18c.
perjury (n.)
late 14c., “act of swearing to a statement known to be fal,” via Anglo-Fr. perjurie(late 13c.) and O.Fr. parjurée“perjury, fal witness,” both from L. periurium“a fal oath,” from periurare“swear fally,” from per-“awa y, entirely” (e per) + iurare“to swear” (e jury (n.)). Related: Perjurious. perk (v.)
late 14c., “to make onelf trim or smart,” perhaps from O.N.Fr. perquer“to perch” (Mod.Fr. percher; e perch(n.1)), on notion of a bird preening its
plumage. Se n of “rai onelf briskly” is first attested 1520s; perk up “recover liveliness” is from 1650s. Related: Perked; perking.
perk (n.)
生产计划书1869, shortened and altered form of perquisite(q.v.); as a verb, 1934 as shortened and altered form of percolate.
perky (adj.)
1820, from perk (v.) + -y (2). Of young women's breasts since at least 1937. Related: Perkily; perkiness.
perm (n.)
1927, shortened form of permanent wave(1909). The verb is first recorded 1928.
permaculture (n.)
by 1978, from permanent + agriculture or culture.
permafrost (n.)
1943, coined in English by Russian-born U.S. geologist Siemon W. Muller (1900-1970) from perm(anent) frost.
permanence (n.)
early 15c., from M.Fr. permanence and directly from M.L. permanentia (early 14c.), from L. permanens (e permanent). Related: Permanency. permanent (adj.)
early 15c., from M.Fr. permanent(14c.) or directly from L. permanentem (nom. permanens) “remaining,” prp. of permanere“endure, hold out, continue, stay to the end,” from per-“through” (e per) + manere“stay” (e mansion). As a noun meaning “permanent wave,” by 1909. Of clothing, permanent press attested from 1964.
permanently (adv.)
late 15c., from permanent + -ly (2).
permeability (n.)
1733, from permeable + -ity, or el from Fr. perméabilité.
permeable (adj.)
early 15c., from L.L. permeabilis“that can be pasd through, passable,” from L. permeare“to pass through, go over,” from per-“through” (e per) + meare“to pass,” from PIE root *mei-“to change” (e mutable). Related: Permeably.
permeant (adj.)
1640s, from L. permeantem(nom. permeans), prp. of permeare“to pass through” (e permeable).
permeate (v.)
1650s, from L. permeatus, pp. of permeare“to pass through” (e permeable). Related: Permeated; permeating.
permeation (n.)
1620s, noun of action from L. permeare (e permeate).
Permian
1841, “pertaining to the uppermost strata of the Paleozoic era,” named by British geologist Sir Roderick Impey Murchison (1792-1871) for the region of Perm in northwestern Russia, where rocks from this epoch are found. permissible (adj.)
early 15c., from O.Fr. permissible (15c.) and directly from M.L. permissibilis, from permiss-, pp. stem of L. permittere (e permit (v.)).
permission (n.)
early 15c., from L. permissionem(nom. permissio), noun of action from pp. stem of permittere (e permit (v.)).
permissive (adj.)
桔子皮c.1600, “allowing to pass through,” from O.Fr. permissif, from L. permiss-, pp. stem of permittere“to let go, let pass, let loo” (e permit (v.)). In n of “tolerant, liberal” it is first recorded 1956; by 1
966 it had definite overtones of xual freedom. Earlier it meant “permitted, allowed” (early 15c.). Related: Permissively; permissiveness.
permit (v.)
late 15c., from M.Fr. permetre and directly from L. permittere“let pass, let go, let loo; give up, hand over; let, allow, grant, permit,” from per-“through” (e per) + mittere“let go, nd” (e mission). Related: Permitted; permitting.
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permit (n.)
“written statement of permission or licen,” 1714, from permit (v.). permutate (v.)
1898 in modern u, “change the order of,” from L. permutatus, pp. of permutare (e permutation). “Probably regarded by tho who u it as a back-formation from permutation” [OED]. Related: Permutated; permutating.
permutation (n.)
mid-14c., from O.Fr. permutacion“change, shift” (14c.), from L. permutationem (nom. permutatio) “a
change, alteration, revolution,” noun of action from pp. stem of permutare“change thoroughly, exchange,” from per-“thoroughly” (e per) + mutare“to change” (e mutable).
permute (v.)
late 14c., “to change one for another,” from Fr. permuter or directly from L. permutare“to change thoroughly” (e permutation). Mathematical n from 1878.
pernicious (adj.)
early 15c., from M.Fr. pernicios (13c., Mod.Fr. pernicieux) and directly from L. perniciosus“destructive,” from pernicies“destruction, death, ruin,” from per-“completely” (e per) + necis“violent death, murder,” related to necare“to kill,” nocere“to hurt, injure, harm,” noxa“harm, injury” (e noxious). Related: Perniciously; perniciousness.
pernickety (adj.)
1808 (pernicktie, in Jamieson), “preci, fastidious,” extended form of Scottish pernicky, of uncertain origin, perhaps somehow from particular. perorate (v.)
c.1600, back formation from peroration, or el from L. peroratus, pp. of perorare. Related: Perorated; perorating.
peroration (n.)
mid-15c., from L. perorationem(nom. peroratio) “the ending of a speech or argument of a ca,” from pp. stem of perorare“argue a ca to the e nd, bring a speech to a clo,” from per-“to the end” (e per) + orare“to speak, plead” (e orator).
peroxide (n.)
1804, formed in English from per-“large amount” + oxide. Peroxide blonde is attested from 1918.
perp (n.)
American English police slang shortening of perp walk); by 1940s.
perpendicular (adj.)
late 15c., from adverb (late 14c.), from O.Fr. perpendiculer, from L. perpendicularis“vertical, as a plu
mb line,” from perpendiculum“plumb line,” from perpendere“balance carefully,” from per-“thoroughly” (e per) + pendere“to weigh, to hang” (e pendant). As a noun from 1570s. Related: Perpendicularly; perpendicularity.
perpensity (n.)
“attention,” 1704, from L. perpensus“deliberate,” pp. of perpendere“balance carefully” (e perpendicular) + -ity. Noted as obsolete by late 19c. perpetrate (v.)
1540s, from L. perpetratus, pp. of perpetrare“to perform, to accomplish,” from per-“completely” + patrare“carry out,” originally “bring into existence,” from pater“father” (s ee father(n.)). Earlier in English was perpetren, mid-15c., from O.Fr. perpetrer. Neither good nor bad in Latin, first ud in English in statutes, hence its n of “to perform criminally.” Related: Perpetrated; perpetrating.
perpetration (n.)
mid-15c., from L.L. perpetrationem(nom. perpetratio) “an accomplishing, performing,” noun of action from pp. stem of perpetrare“to perform, accomplish” (e perpetrate).
perpetrator (n.)
lit. “the one who did it” (in English usually an evil act), 1560s, from L.L. perpetrator, agent noun of perpetrare“to perform, to accomplish” (e perpetrate). Fem. forms are perpetratress (1811, of Nero's poisoner Locusta); perpetratrix (1862, in reference to Charlotte Corday).
perpetual (adj.)
mid-14c., from O.Fr. perpetuel“without end” (12c.) and directly from L. perpetualis“universal,” in Medieval Latin “permanent,” from perpetuus
