谈谈翻译中望文生义的几种原因

更新时间:2023-06-04 11:34:30 阅读: 评论:0

谈谈翻译中望文生义的几种原因
望文生义是英语翻译中常见的一种错误现象,这种似是而非、貌合神离的现象也可概括为"想当然",是翻译者的大忌,其产生的原因是复杂而多方面,本文对此做一初步探讨
做ppt用什么软件
缓解紧张的办法谈谈翻译中望文生义的几种原因
一、词义理解不当
英语词汇中一词多义的情况是相当多的,如“只知其一,不知其二”,就会造成错误理解。勤查和细查词典(包括用英语解释英语的英英词典)才能避免;所谓勤查是多查几本词典,所谓细查是从头到尾地查阅,不厌其烦,才能扩大视野,并找到合适的词义。
1. For the balance of the ction, let’s speak in straightforward and elementary terms to describe the function and form of the electronic computer.阅读感想怎么写
[误译]为使这一节平衡起见,我们将用简单明了的术语来描述这种电子计算机的功能和形式。
[分析]在《朗曼当代英语词典》balance词条下可查到money or something el which remains or is left over,又见例句:May I take the balance of my holidays before the end of September ?
[正译]在本节的其余部分,我们将用简单明了的术语来描述这种电子计算机的功能和形式。
2. We have a sales force at prent of twenty-four salesmen of the road, each with his own territory.
[误译]目前我们有一支由20名外勤推销员组成的推销队正在途中,每人有他自己的推销领域。
[分析]在商业英语中on the road =away from home u,in regular travel on business esp. as a traveling salesman (Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language) ,故salesmen on the road 作“外勤推销员”解。
企盼[正译]目前我们有一支由24名外勤推销员组成的推销队伍,每人有自己的推销地盘。
读研规划3. Sleeping late on weekends can also disrupt your circadian rhythm.
[误译]周未迟睡也会打乱人体的日夜周期。
示波器实验报告[分析]此句 sleeping late误译为“迟睡”即“睡得晚”,“晚睡”),实际上它表示“起得晚”或“睡懒觉”。《从中式英语到英语》的作者Janet Adams 写道:“Remember that sleep late means to get up late and not go to bed late.
[正译]周末睡懒觉也会打乱人体的日夜周期。
二、语法结构理解不当
译者对语法结构理解不当,如分不清词性、指代关系以及句型等,就会直接造成误译。
1. Magnetic fields of the former kind are geerally about a million times weaker than the Earth’s field ,whereas tho originating from the traveling signals of nerve cells are even weaker, some hundred million times less than the earth’s field at their strongest.
[原译]前一类磁场通常只有地球磁场的一百万分之一左右,而由神经细胞传播的信号产生的磁场则更弱,最强的时候也只有地球磁场的几亿分之一。
[分析]此处some 不是形容词(或称determiner限定词),而是副词,经常用在数词之前,相当于about“大约”,如There were some 40 or50 peop0le there.故some hundred million 应译成“约一亿”。
[正译]……只有地球磁场的约一亿分之一。
2. Now Jeffreys points out that, if a number of obrvations have been found to conform to a law, it is highly probable that next one will do so whether the law is true or not.
[误译]现在杰佛利指出,如果已获得大量的观察资料与一条法则一致,非常可能下一条法则也将如此,不管该法则正确与否。
[分析]此句的代词one,它指代obrvation而不是law,否则变成“法则与法则相一致”,这在逻辑上也自相矛盾。
[正译]……非常可以下一次观察也与该法则相一致,不管它正确与否。
三、缺乏专业知识
科技翻译往往涉及众多领域,各种专业,为了提高翻译质量,译者不仅要熟练掌握英汉两门语言,而且也应具有一定的专业知识的素养。隔行如隔山,每个专业都有各自一套术语。
1. By the age of 19 Gauss had discovered for himlf and proved a remarkable theorem in number theory known as the law of quadratic reciprocity.
[误译]高斯十九岁已经独立地发现并证明了数理定理——二次互反律。
[分析]将number theory 误为“数理”,系不了解专业所致,其实它在数学上是指“数论”,与“数理”是两个不同的概念。
[正译]……并证明了数论中的一个卓越定理,名谓二次互反律。
2. Designed to predict the motions of hesavenly bodies ,it does its job with unbelievable accuracy——better than one in a hndred million for the motion of the earth around the sun——and it remains in daily u to predict the orbits of moons and planets ,comets and spacecraft.
[误译]这个旨在预测天体运行的理论,其准确性令人难以置信——以地球绕太阳运转为例,其误差仅略大于一亿分之一,并且时至今日仍然每日要用它来预测卫星和行星、慧星和航天器的运行轨道。
[分析]原文并无“仅略”的含义,应删去。Better than 修饰accuracy,意为“准确度胜于”或“比……更为准确”,即“误差小于”。
电影票在哪买
[正译]……,其误差小于一亿分之一,……。
3. When allowance is made for the parate auxiliary load the consumption can ri to nearly 1 Ib/SHP hour and this is generally about 20% better than the overall fuel consumption of a steam plant at cruising speed.
[误译]当考虑分开的辅机负荷时,其耗油率几乎能增加到1磅/轴马力小时,一般来说比蒸汽装置的巡航总油耗大约多20%。
怎么做饭[分析]此处better than 用来修饰“油耗”时必然指油耗低,而不是指油耗高。
[正译] ……,一般来说,这是比蒸汽装置在巡航速度时的总油耗约低20%。
四、缺乏背景知识
译者如不了解所译内容的背景,也易造成望文生义。
1. Anyone who has tugged heavy hand baggage down endless airport corridors, or waited for a deluged flight in a sterile lounge will bow how ur unfriendly many airports are in design terms .
[误译]任何人只要他曾拖着沉重的随身行李,走过无止境的机场走廊,或者曾在枯燥乏味的休息室里等候延误的班机,都会体会到许多机场在设计上对旅客多么不方便。
[分析]此处endless 误译为“无止境的”,实际上作“环状的”解(circular,with the ends joined ),一般大型国际机场,从候机室通向各跑道的走廊呈环状,两头是相联接的。
[正译] ……,走过环形的机场走廊,……
2. I am/ we are carrying currency or monetary instruments over $ 10000 U.S. or foreign equivalent.
[误译]我(我们)携带有货币或价值超过10000美元的仪器或相当于10000美元的外币的仪器。
[分析]原译将instruments 作“仪器”解,显然是缺乏背景知识和脱离上下文所造成的失误。此处系指“证券,票据”;monetary instruments 应译“金融证券”。
[正译]我(我们)携带超过10000美元或等值外币现金或金融证券。
五、习惯势力影响
习惯势力也会造成误译,如下列句中的at the same time,也许这一短语太熟悉了,因此往往习惯地译成“同时”,其实此处上下文并不存在时间上的关系,而是让步关系。
1. In most cas,…he knows that certain manufacturing process will have to be employed .In many instances ,the lection of a specific material may dictate what processing must be ud .At the same time .when certain process are ud ,the design may have to be modified in order for the process to be utilized effectively and economically.

本文发布于:2023-06-04 11:34:30,感谢您对本站的认可!

本文链接:https://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/89/984940.html

版权声明:本站内容均来自互联网,仅供演示用,请勿用于商业和其他非法用途。如果侵犯了您的权益请与我们联系,我们将在24小时内删除。

标签:关系   法则   机场
相关文章
留言与评论(共有 0 条评论)
   
验证码:
推荐文章
排行榜
Copyright ©2019-2022 Comsenz Inc.Powered by © 专利检索| 网站地图