Passage one
Prevention is better than cure: Targeted vaccination to halt epidemics
霜叶红于二月花的上一句A. relevant B. transmit C. schedules为成语接龙 D. simplified E. occurrence F. advances G. stimulating H. features I. preferable J. imposing K. efficient |
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It's an option that is nearly always more effective than either doing nothing or attempting to contain an outbreak through quarantine.
Under normal circumstances, the most effective way to prevent illness is to vaccinate according to national immunisation (31) ______. Widespread immunisation programmes in Europe have made previously deadly dias such as smallpox2025计划(天花) and polio(小儿麻痹症) a thing of the past.
This study looked specifically at epidemic outbreaks. They found that in such cas targetin
g carefully lected individuals with vaccination can be successful in containing the outbreak, even with only a relatively small number of individuals getting the (32) ______ shot.帮忙英语
The scientists ran physics-bad simulations on networks which sought to replicate the way individuals interact with one another in the real world, such as through the global air transportation network. The simulations are (33) _______ versions of computational frameworks commonly ud to investigate the global spread of real-world epidemics, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Nevertheless, they help understanding basic (34) ______ of the more complicated and realistic models.
In the simulations, individuals correspond to 'nodes' that can (35) ______ an infection through the links between them. The scientists found that quarantining nodes after the outbreak of an epidemic very quickly becomes ineffective. Quite early on in a simulated outbreak, even the 'do nothing' (non-intervention) strategy becomes (36) ______ to quarantine.
树的成语
Targeted vaccination was found to be the best option in nearly all epidemic cas. The scientists ud a vaccination strategy bad on 'optimal percolation', which consists of finding the least t of nodes that, when removed from a network, can fragment it into small clusters. The idea behind this approach is that fragmenting the network ensures infections are contained within small groups, hence preventing the (37) ______ of large outbreaks.
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This might all em like common n, but preventive vaccination is not common practice for all illness and for some, vaccines do not yet exist. The norovirus outbreak at this year's Winter Olympic Games is an example where quarantine has been ud as the option available to health officials. Medical professionals have attempted to initially contain the outbreak by (38) ______ quarantine on the hundreds of staff who were unlucky enough to catch the virus. Despite the measures, the illness is continuing to spread and has started to affect some of the athletes.
In recent years, physicists have made significant (39) ______ in the field of network immu
nisation, developing increasingly (40) ______ techniques to immuni a network by the 'removal' (vaccination) of a few nodes. This knowledge can help to support health policy as policymakers look to ensure incread global curity against epidemics.（434）
【参考答案】
CADHB IEJFK
【原文翻译】
Prevention is better than cure: Targeted vaccination to halt epidemics
预防胜于治疗：有针对性地接种疫苗以阻止流行病
It’s an option that is nearly always more effective than either doing nothing or attempting to contain an outbreak through quarantine.
这几乎总是比什么都不做或试图通过隔离控制疫情更有效的选择。
Under normal circumstances, the most effective way to prevent illness is to vaccinate according to national immunisation schedules. Widespread immunisation programmes in Europe have made previously deadly dias such as smallpox(天花) and polio(小儿麻痹症) a thing of the past.
在正常情况下，最有效的预防疾病的方法是根据国家免疫计划接种疫苗。欧洲广泛的免疫接种计划使以前致命的疾病如天花和小儿麻痹症成为历史。
This study looked specifically at epidemic outbreaks. They found that in such cas targeting carefully lected individuals with vaccination can be successful in containing the outbreak, even with only a relatively small number of individuals getting the relevant shot.
这项研究专门针对流行病爆发。他们发现，在这种情况下，以精心挑选的个人为目标，接种疫苗可以成功地控制疫情，即使只有相对较少的个人获得了相关疫苗。
The scientists ran physics-bad simulations on networks which sought to replicate the w
ay individuals interact with one another in the real world, such as through the global air transportation network. The simulations are simplified versions of computational frameworks commonly ud to investigate the global spread of real-world epidemics, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Nevertheless, they help understanding basic features of the more complicated and realistic models.
