定语从句的简化
◆前言：
省略主语和be动词只留补语是所有从句简化的共同原则。没有be动词时，情态动词变to do，其他助动词变相应doing.
情态动词：can/could；may/might；shall/should/ought to；must/have to；need/dare（半情态动词半实义动词）；had better
I need do it.
I need to do it.
形容词结构在句中常见有两个位置：1.在名词短语中间，形容词位置。2.主系表结构中，表语位置。---但一个起定语作用的结构，若不是上述两种情况，那有极大可能是定语从句的简化句！
I make you happy.
我的好老师作文>干一夜综合
I make you who are happy.
◆定语从句简化的本质：
主句和从句间一定有重复的元素来建立关系，所以，定从的简化就是把重复的元素，也就是关系词（关系代词）省略掉！
◆定语从句简化时，常见的情况有：
1.简化为done:如果定语从句中是被动语态，就会简化为过去分词！
Beer is most delicious.
It is chilled to 6℃.
Beer that is chilled to 6℃ is most delicious.
Beer, chilled to 6℃, is most delicious.
2.简化为doing：如果定语从句中是be+doing形式，就会简化为现在分词！如果定语从句中，
没有情态动词做助动词也没有be类助动词，也要简化为现在分词！
The ship which is coming to shore is from Tianjin.
The ship coming to shore is from Tianjin.
My old car，which breaks down every other week，won‘t last much longer.
My old car, breaking down every other week，won‘t last much longer.
3.简化为to do:如果定语从句中有情态动词存在，就会简化为动词不定式！
John is the one who should go this time.
孙犁John is the one to go this time.
⏹定语从句中，不定式简化的相关注意事项：
1)动词不定式主动和被动的判断:
通过把简化句还原为从句，根据上下文来决定意思！
John is not a man to trust.
John is not a man. One can trust the man.
John is not a man that one can trust.
John is not a man one can trust.
John is not a man to be trusted.
John is not a man. The man can be trusted.
John is not a man that can be trusted.
2)动词不定式有无宾语的判断：
动词不定式如果是及物动词，又有加不加宾语的区别。
This is exactly the thing to 伊丽莎白塔do.
This is exactly the thing. We should do the thing.
This is exactly the thing that we should do.
This is exactly the time to do it.
This is exactly the time. We should do it at this time.
This is exactly the time when we should do it.
吹喇叭
3)不定词后面有无介词短语的判断：
有些动词不定式宾语后面会跟介词，比如像to talk with，to depend on等。这是因为介词后简化掉的那个宾语就是关系词。
He will be the toughest guy. You must deal with the guy.
He will be the toughest guy that you must deal with.
English is easy to study.
English is easy which we should study.
4)动词不定式的主语不清时如何处理：
如果主语省略会造成意思不清楚，可以安排主语以介词短语的形式出现来去补全意思，消除歧义！常用介词for.
I have a job that your brother can do.
I have a job your brother can do.
I have a job for your brother to do.
I have homework for you to do.
I have homework to be done.
I have homework that should be done.
⏹补语为形容词和名词
老鼠仔Hilary Clinton，who is pretty and intelligent，is a popular.
Donald Trump, who is President of the U.S., is a Baby Boomer.
练习：
1._____ often found in fruit and vegetables.
A.Vitamin C, a trace element that is
B.For vitamin C, a trace element to be
C.Vitamin C, a trace element, is
D.Vitamin C, is that trace element
Vitamin C，which is a trace element，is often found in fruit and vegetables.
2.The most important fossil ______ in East Africa was that of an ancient female, dubbed Lucy.
A.excavated
B.was excavated
C.to excavate
D.excavating
3.Steve Jobs vision of the personal computer greatly expanded the number of people _____ the computer for business and for pleasure.
A.actively ud
B.were using actively
C.actively using
D.who actively using
4.The Amazon rain forests, _______ the earth’s lungs, convert carbon dioxide in the atmosphere back into oxygen.
A.functioning as
B.which functioning as
C.function as
D.functioned as
5.Through a process _______ coalescence, water droplets in clouds grow to a size large enough to fall to earth.
A.calls
B.to be called
会议形式
C.calling
D.called
6.If you are looking for investment advice, I know just the place______.
A.going
B.to go
C.you to go
D.for you going
9999打一成语
I know just the place where you should go.
7.Penicillin, ______ in the early 20th century, brought in golden age of chemotherapy.
A.to be discovered
B.discovering
C.discovery was
D.discovered
8.Tho are not words _____.
A.to be taken riously
B.to take them riously
C.taking riously
D.are take riously
Tho are not words that should be taken riously.
9.The mou, like the keyboard, is a control device ______ to a computer.
A.connected
B.to connect it
C.and connect
D.that connect
10.An amendment to the Constitution ______ in Harry Truman’s tenure limits the US presidency to two terms.
A.passing
B.to pass
C.pasd
D.was pasd
