翻译⽅法
第七章增补与省略Addition & Omission in Translation
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翻译句⼦，注意补译省略部分使句式结构完整（参考译⽂）
1．The purpos of his journey were both military and political.
【译⽂】这次旅⾏既有军事上的⽬的，⼜有政治上的⽬的。
2．Some of the gas in the air are fairly constant in amount, while others are not. 【译⽂】空⽓中有些⽓体的含量相当稳定，有些就不稳定。
3．You may apply in person or by letter.
【译⽂】你可以本⼈亲⾃去申请或寄信去申请。
4．Some go only for one year, many for two, but never longer, unless the ship which is to bring them out cannot reach their ba. (W. M. Smith: In the Antarctic)
【译⽂】有些⼈在这⾥呆⼀年，也有⼈要呆两年，但绝对不会再久，除⾮去接他们的船只到不了基地。
5．He was a clever man; a pleasant companion; a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern. (William Thackeray: Vanity Fair) 【译⽂】他是个聪明⼈，很好相处，就是学习不肯⽤功；⽼是东挪西借，还喜欢上酒馆喝上两⼝。
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2翻译句⼦，注意补译替代部分使句意完整
（参考译⽂）
1．—Did you enjoy your time in Nanjing？
—Yes, I did.
【译⽂】——你在南京过得愉快吗？
——是的，我过得很愉快。
2．—Is matter in constant motion and in constant change?
—Yes, it is.
【译⽂】
——物质是在不断地运动和变化着吗？
——是的，物质是在不断地运动和变化着。
3．For errors had been made, bad ones.
【译⽂】因为错误已经出了不少，⽽且还是很严重的错误。
4．I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it will only waste time.
【译⽂】希望会议不要开得太久，太久了只会浪费时间。
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翻译句⼦，注意解释说明（参考译⽂）
姻缘情
1．He had lived all his life in dert where every cupful of water might be a matter of life
excel导出
and death.
【译⽂】他⼀直⽣活在沙漠⾥，每杯⽔都可能是⽣死攸关之⼤事，必须精打细算地⽤。
2．If one had but two heads and neither required sleep! （=It would be good if one had but two heads and neither required sleep!）
海带炖肉
【译⽂】⼈要是有两个脑袋，⽽且都不需要休息就好了。
3．And the music of the pearl drifted to a whisper and disappeared.
【译⽂】珍珠之歌随波荡漾，余⾳袅袅，后来完全溶⼊了滚滚波涛。4．Saving is to an individual is what profit is to a business. /What saving is to an individual is what profit is to a business.
【译⽂】⼀个⼈不能不储蓄存钱，就像⼀个企业不能没有利润效益⼀样。
And he launched into a speech, eloquently advocating his army of the future.
【译⽂】接着他发表了长篇演说，振振有词地把他设想中的未来军队⿎吹了⼀番。
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4：翻译句⼦，根据语境、语义增词（参考译⽂）
1．People in the square melted away.
【译⽂】⼴场上的⼈们渐渐散去了。
2．This is the drink of hot weather.
【译⽂】这是⼤热天理想的饮料
蚝仔烙3．He was weak and old.
【译⽂】他⾝体衰弱，年纪也⼤了。
4．The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo. 【译⽂】这间⼤厅有四⼤优点：明亮、宽敞、时尚新潮、没有回声。
5．Mr Linton was not far behind; he opened the gate himlf and sauntered slowly up, probably
enjoying the lovely afternoon that breathed as soft summer. (Emily Bront?:
Wuthering Heights)
【译⽂】林惇先⽣在后⾯不远；他⾃⼰开了⼤门，慢慢蹓跶过来，⼤概是想享受这风和⽇丽、宛如夏⽇的下午时光。
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5：翻译下列句⼦，注意逻辑修辞（参考译⽂）
1．Illness prevented him from doing his work.
【译⽂】他因病不能⼲活。
2．Posssing high conductivity of heat and electricity, aluminum finds wide application in industry.
【译⽂】由于铝具有良好的导热性及导电性，所以在⼯业上获得了⼴泛应⽤。
3．Social evils were fundamentally caud by economic inequality.
【译⽂】从根本上说，社会罪恶是由经济不平等所造成的。
4．The rapid expansion of industrialization throughout the world must lead to a progressive exhaustion of natural resources.【译⽂】由于⼯业化在全世界迅速发展，⾃然资源必然逐步趋向枯竭。
5．Their (the Curie’s) discovery brought about a revolution in the understanding of a structure of
matter.
【译⽂】由于居⾥夫妇的发现，⼈类对物质结构的认识发⽣了⼀次⾰命。6．You are only young once. At the time it ems
endless, and is gone in a flash; and then for a very long time you are old.
比例尺计算
【译⽂】⼈⼀⽣年轻只有⼀次，似乎永远不完，⽽逝去就在瞬间，尔后很长很长⼀段时间都是⽼年。
7They are to be had very cheap and good. We breathe but the air of books.
【译⽂】好书可⽐作⼈们呼吸的空⽓，到处可得，花费不多，裨益很⼤，我们所吸取的都来⾃书本。
8.A little yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar.
【译⽂】⼀个要饭的，⾝材矮⼩，⾯黄肌瘦，⾐着褴褛，瘸腿，胡须满⾯。9．Women screamed, and kids howled, but the men stood silent, watching, interested in the outcome.
【译⽂】只听到⼥⼈们在尖叫，⼩孩们在欢闹，男⼈们则静静地⽴在那⼉袖⼿旁观，饶有兴味地等着看结果。9．Women screamed, and kids howled, but the men stood silent, watching, interested in the outcome.
【译⽂】只听到⼥⼈们在尖叫，⼩孩们在欢闹，男⼈们则静静地⽴在那⼉袖⼿旁观，饶有兴
直笛3 味地等着看结果。
10．His eyes, wide and wet, at last flashed fiercely on her; his breast heaved convulsively. (Emily
Bront?: Wuthering Heights) 【译⽂】他睁⼤双眼，含着泪⽔，最后猛地向她⼀闪，胸⼝激动地起伏着。
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6：翻译下列句⼦，注意冠词、代词的省译（参考译⽂）
1．By analysis, we mean analyzing the contradictions in things.
【译⽂】所谓分析就是分析事物的⽭盾
2．I am not a poet; I could not write a single line to depict its beauty.
【译⽂】我不是诗⼈，我写不出⼀⾏诗句来描绘它的美丽。
3．Our son, Carl, who is six, goes to a good private school, and our daughter, who is four, won’t go
to school until next year.
【译⽂】我⼉⼦卡尔六岁，在⼀所很好的私⽴学校读书，⼥⼉四岁，明年才上学。4．But it’s the way I am, and try as I might;
I haven’t been able to change it.
【译⽂】可我就是这个脾⽓，虽⼏经努⼒，却始终未能改变过来。
5．It is man’s social being that determines his thinking.
【译⽂】⼈们的社会存在，决定⼈们的意识。
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7：翻译句⼦，注意省译（参考译⽂）
1．As the temperature increas，the volume of water becomes greater.
【译⽂】温度升⾼,⽔的体积就增⼤。
2．When short waves are nt out and meet an obstacle they are reflected.
【译⽂】短波发送出去遇到障碍就反射回来。
3I was in the bath, with the result that I didn’t hear the telephone.
【译⽂】那时我正在洗澡，因此没有听到电话铃响。
4We must bring forward a new design at the earliest possible date.
【译⽂】我们必须尽早提出⼀项新⽅案。
5I honest to goodness would like to find mylf a job somewhere.
【译⽂】我确实想在哪⼉找个⼯作⼲。
综合练习及参考译⽂
1．⽤增补译法翻译下列句⼦1）A knock at the door prevented me from answering his question.
【译⽂】因为有⼈敲门，我⽆法回答他的问题。
2）The widespread application of new and more complex products will give ri to side-effects.
4 【译⽂】由于⼴泛地应⽤更复杂的新产品，将产⽣⼀些副作⽤。
3）An intelligence test will allow us to predict the level of a student.
【译⽂】智⼒测验能预测学⽣的实际⽔平。
4）The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents.
【译⽂】我⼀见到那个孤⼉，就想到他的⽗母。
5）In this mood, I went to diplomatic circles, earnest but only sketchingly informed. 【译⽂】我就是怀着这种⼼情进⼊外交界的，满腔热情，但知之甚少。
6）Her child, her work, her friends were more than enough to fill her time.
【译⽂】她照顾孩⼦，⼲⼯作，交朋友，这些占⽤了她的全部时间。
7）“I’ll make a doctor of him,” said Mrs. White.
【译⽂】“我⼀定要把他培养成⼀个⾼明的医⽣，”怀特太太说。
8）I like the place for the very reason that (=for which) you dislike it.
【译⽂】我喜欢那地⽅的原因恰恰是你不喜欢它的原因。
9）The old people, weary but excited, decided to have a rest.
【译⽂】这些⽼⼈，虽疲劳却兴致很⾼，他们决定休息⼀下。
10）He spoke hopefully of the success of the movement.
baxi【译⽂】他满怀希望地说这场运动会取得成功。
11）The problems had to be weighed up under varying, sometimes uncertain factors.
【译⽂】这些问题必须根据变化着的因素，有时是捉摸不定的因素来进⾏全衡。12）It was a splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy sluggish—brained sloths stayed at home.
【译⽂】这是⼀批迅速能⼲的⼈们，——因为那些⾏动迟缓、昏昏欲睡、呆若树獭的⼈都留在家⾥了。
13）Rubber is a light, elastic, durable and water resistant material, which makes rubber industry
very important.
【译⽂】橡胶是⼀种质轻、富有弹性、经久耐⽤、并能防⽔的材料，这就使得橡
胶⼯业显得⾮常重要。
14）Although schoolmistress’ letters are to be trusted no more nor less than churchyard epitaphs; yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really derving of all the prais the stone-cutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, chi1d, wife or husband; who actually does leave a disconsolate family to morn his loss; …【译⽂】尽管校长的信和墓志铭⼀样靠不住。不过偶然也有个把死⼈也当得起⽯匠刻在他们朽⾻上的好话，虔诚的教徒，慈爱的⽗母，孝顺的⼉⼥，尽职的丈夫，贤良的妻⼦，他们的
家⼈也实实在在地、哀思绵绵地追悼他们。．
⽤省略译法翻译下列句⼦
1) I’ve got the devil of a toothache.
【译⽂】我⽛痛死了。
2) Water pass from a liquid to a solid state when it freezes.
【译⽂】⽔结冰就是从液态转变为固态。
3) The scenery was beautiful; and the acting was superb.
【译⽂】布景很美，演出很出⾊。
4) Listening to classical music is my cup of tea.
要求的英文【译⽂】我最爱听古典⾳乐。
5) They don’t know their right hand from their left.
【译⽂】他们什么也不知道。
6) It’san experience I wouldn’t trade for anything in the world.
【译⽂】这就是我最宝贵的⼀次经历。
7) In the cour of the same year, war broke out in that area.
【译⽂】同年，该地区爆发了战争。
8) Before the night was far advanced, they began to move against the enemy.
【译⽂】⼊夜不久，他们开始进攻敌⼈。
9) The volume of the sun is about 1 300 000 times that of the earth.
【译⽂】太阳的体积约为地球的1 300 000倍。
10) It is now thought that the more work we give our brain, the more work they are able to do.
【译⽂】现在⼈们认为，脑⼦越⽤越好使。
11) Tho were the days of innocence, when volunteers tended to be welcomed merely becau
they had volunteered.
【译⽂】那时⼈们的想法单纯得很，志愿参加的⼈都受到欢迎，只是因为他们是⾃愿的。
12) At the earliest opportunity he ordered the cavalry to ride out and clear the level ground in the occupation of the enemy.【译⽂】他下令骑兵乘机出击平原上的敌⼈阵地。
13) …and as always happens with radios, just at the vital moment a crash and a bang and nothing
could be understood and the broadcast ended.
【译⽂】收⾳机⽼出现这种情况：正在紧要关头，嘎啦⼀声，或是轰隆⼀响，什么都听不清
楚，⼴播就完了。
14) Times were tough during the Depression, and there were five mouths to feed in my family, besides buying coal and wood for the strove.
【译⽂】那年头正值⼤萧条期，⽇⼦过得紧紧巴巴，我们家除了买煤买柴之外，还有五张嘴等着要吃饭。
15) She was lucky, for he had given her a gift more powerful than sight, the gift of love that can
bring light where had been darkness.
【译⽂】
