视译单位
•
•视译要基本保持原文语序，就要有切实可行的断句办法，合理断句是视译非常重要的手段，虽然意群是具有相对独立意义的词组或者短语，在不少情况下可以作为划分视译单位的基本依据。但是在这个句子中完全按照意群来断句，还是很难做到不对意群中的语序进行调整。
•
•The problem of possible genetic damage to human populations from radiation exposures, //including from the fallout from testing of atomic weapons, //has quite properly claimed much popular attention// in recent years.
•第一个意群还是太长，不利于视译
专科学校排名•
•类意群的特征
•1) 相对独立的意义概念
•2) 在一目可及的范围内
•3) 能够通过连接语较为灵活地与前后的视译单位结合
•
•相对独立的意义概念是指一个具有相对独立意义的词组或者短语，可以被独立地翻译出来而不会产生意义上的误会或者不完整。在这里相对独立的概念是十分重要的，因为它保证了视译的译文可以坚持信的原则。
•在一目所及的范围之内，是指我们一眼扫过而尽收眼底的长度。有时一个独立的概念过长，没法一眼看完，这时候再按意群来断句是没法做下去的。
视译的原则
1. 顺句驱动，断句成章
台湾辅仁大学翻译研究所杨承淑（2002）：
•要把两种语序不同，差异较大的语言译得语序尽可能一致，一定要从词序一致的部分开始，即先找到能够完全对译的部分；
•除了挑出可以先译的成分，可以在已知信息的基础上，构想出一个完整的语义概念并将其译出来，即基于开头部分把整个句子翻译完整。
•
•The answer to the question //of whether one should continue using the method// depends in part on// what other forms of solutions are available.
•笔译：是否应该继续使用这个方法，部分取决于有没有其他的解决方法。
•视译：要知道，是否可以继续使用这个方法，部分取决于还有没有其他方法。
•
•The US and China on Wednesday agreed to resolve a ries of economic disputes in a deal that Bush administration hopes will shrink the trade deficit.
•笔译：周三中美两国达成协议，同意解决两国经济纠纷。布什政府希望通过该协议缩小贸易逆差。
•视译：中美两国周三同意解决诸多经济纠纷，并达成协议。布什政府希望此举将有助于缩小贸易逆差。
•Poorer nations are especially vulnerable. They have been hit hard by other cris this year: food, energy, the global economy, climate change.
•笔译：穷国特别脆弱。它们已经遭到今年一系列危机的重创：食品危机，能源危机以及全球经济危机和气候变化等。
派性
•视译：穷国特别脆弱。它们已经深受打击，受到今年其他危机的冲击，包括食品危机、能源危机以及全球经济危机和气候变化。
2. 灵活调整，重组信息
•I went to Holiday Inn for a minar at 10 o’clock yesterday.
•顺句驱动：
•我去了假日酒店参加一个研讨会在十点钟昨天。
•信息调整：
•我去假日酒店参加一个研讨会，时间是昨天早上十点。
•
•The General Asmbly recognized the importance of international cooperation in devising measures effectively to prevent their (terrorist acts) occurrence and of studying their underlying caus with a view to finding just and peaceful solutions as quickly as possible.
•笔译：联合国大会认识到在为防止国际恐怖主义行为的发生制定有效措施时开展国际合作是重要的，也认识到研究发生国际恐怖主义行为的根本原因，以便尽快找出公正、和平的解决方法也是重要的。
The General Asmbly recognized | 联合国大会意识到 |
the importance of | 重要的是 |
international cooperation | 要进行国际合作 |
in devising measures effectively | 制定有效的措施 |
to prevent their (terrorist acts) occurrence 该通 | 以防止国际恐怖主义行为的发生 |
and of studying their underlying caus | 同样重要的是要研究其根本原因， |
with a view to finding just and peaceful solutions | 以便找出公正、和平的解决方法， | 皈依是什么意思
一氧化碳的毒性as quickly as possible. | 越快越好 |
| |
The moment when the United States took its place as a leader and a permanent actor on the stage of international politics—at the end of the Second World War—coincided with the dawn of the nuclear age.
•笔译：第二次世界大战结束之际美国开始作为领导者和长期活跃的角色出现在国际政治的舞台上，而此时恰恰也是核时代的开始。
类意群 | 译文 |
The moment | 当时 |
when the United States took its place | 美国开始作为 |
as a leader and a permanent actor | 领导者和长期活跃的角色 |
on the stage of international politics— | 出现在国际政治的舞台上 |
at the end of the Second World War— | 那正是第二次世界大战结束之际孟凡升 |
coincided with the dawn of the nuclear age. | 恰恰也是核时代的开始 |
| |
察纳雅言
视译的标准:
•不重复
•不停顿
•不罗嗦
•不晦涩
•A green-collar worker is a worker who is employed in the environmental ctors of the economy. Environmental green-collar workers (or green jobs) satisfy the demand for green development. Generally, they implement environmentally conscious design, policy, and technology to improve conrvation and sustainability.
•绿领工人就是受雇于环保经济产业的工人。环保绿领工人（绿领工作）可以满足绿色发展的需要。一般来说，他们实行注重环保的设计、政策和技术以加强环境的保护和可持续性。
•Green collar workers include professionals such as environmental consultants, environmental or biological systems engineers, green building architects, solar energy and wind energy engineers and installers, green vehicle engineers, "green business" owners, and so on
•绿领工人从事的职业包括环境咨询师，环境或生物系统工程师，绿色建筑师，太阳能和风能工程师及安装师，绿色机动车工程师，“绿色商业”老板，等等。
Excerpts from Lei Feng’s Diary《雷锋日记》节选十一
•1961年1月18日
•在我们前进的道路上，不可能不遇到一些暂时的困难，这些困难的实质，“纸老虎” 而已。
•问题是我们见虎而逃呢，还是“遇虎而打”？
•“ 哪儿有困难就到哪儿去，”——不但“遇虎而打”，而且进一步“找虎而打”，这是崇高的共产主义风格。
•January 18, 1961
和乐且湛•On the path of moving forward, it is impossible to avoid some temporary difficulties. The nature of the difficulties are ‘paper tigers’. The Are we going to run away or fight, when we are facing the ‘paper tigers’?
•Go to the place where the difficulties are. Not only, fight with the tigers when we meet them but also arch for the tigers ourlves. This is way for the sublime communist.
•Translated by Leif Rogers
•A US citizen and a foreign customer manager of Jinzhou Commercial Bank
•Mr. Prime Minister and all of your distinguished guests this evening:
•On behalf of all of your American-guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparably hospitality for which the Chine people are justly famous throughout the world. I
particularly want to pay tribute, not only to tho who prepared the magnificent dinner, but also to tho who have provided the splendid music. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land.
