世界贸易和国际贸易外文文献及中文翻译
圆圆的故事
World Trade and International Trade
福罗蒙 In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are lf-sufficient. Nations have utilized different economic resources; people have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. As a result of this trade and activity, international finance and banking have evolved.
巴西游走蛛 For example, the United States is a major consumer of coffee, yet it does not have the climate to grow any or its own. Conquently, the United States must import coffee from countries (such as Brazil, Colombia and Guatemala) that grow coffee efficiently. On the other hand, the United States has large industrial plants capable of producing a variety of goods, such as chemicals and airplanes, which can be sold to nations that need them. If nations traded item for item, such as one automobile for 10,000 bags of coffee, foreign trad
e would be extremely cumbersome and restrictive. So instead of batter, which is trade of goods without an exchange of money, the United State receives money in payment for what it lls. It pays for Brazilian coffee with dollars, which Brazil can then u to buy wool from Australia, which in turn can buy textiles Great Britain, which can then buy tobacco from the United State.
Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. The first, as mentioned above is that no nation has all of the commodities that it needs. Raw materials are scattered around the world. Large deposits of copper are mined in Peru and Zaire, diamonds are mined in South Africa and petroleum is recovered in the Middle East. Countries that do not have the resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.
Foreign trade also occurs becau a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. Although the United States is a major producer of sugar, it consumes more than it can produce internally and thus must import sugar.
安详造句
阳台地台 Third, one nation can ll some items at a lower cost than other countries. Japan has been able to export large quantities of radios and television ts becau it can produce them more efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for the United States to buy the from Japan than to produce them domestically. According to economic theory, Japan should produce and export tho items from which it derives a comparative advantage. It should also buy and import what it needs from tho countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items.
Finally, foreign trade takes place becau of innovation or style. Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports large numbers of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily becau there is a market for them in the United States.
For most nations, exports and imports are the most important international activity. When nations export more than they import, they are said to have a favorable balance of trade. When they import more than they export, an unfavorable balance of trade exists. N
2020年春节档电影ations try to maintain a favorable balance of trade, which assures them of the means to buy necessary imports.International trade is the exchange of
goods and rvices produced in one country for goods and rvices produced in another country. There are veral reasons for it.
The distribution lf natural resources around the world is somewhat haphazard: some nations posss natural deposits in excess of their own requirements while other nations have none. For example, Britain has large rerves of coal but lacks many minerals such as nickel, copper, aluminum etc, whereas the Arab states have vast oil deposits but little el. In the cultivation of natural products climates whereas others, such as citrus fruits, require a Mediterranean climate. Moreover, some nations are unable to produce sufficient of a particular product to satisfy a large home demand, for example, Britain and wheat. The are the reasons why international trade first began.
螳臂挡车的意思
愤怒的同桌电影 With the development of manufacturing and technology, there aro another incentive for nations to exchange their products. It was found that it made economic n for a nation to specialize in certain activities and produce tho goods for which it had the most advantages, and to exchange tho goods for the products of other nations which and advantages in different fields. This trade is bad on the principle of comparative advantage.
The theory of comparative advantage, also called the comparative cost theory, was developed by David Ricardo, and other economists in the nineteenth century. It points out that trade between countries can be profitable for all, even if one of the countries can produce every commodity more cheaply. As long as there are minor, relative differences in the efficiency of producing a commodity even the poof country can have a comparative advantage in producing it. The paradox is best illustrated by this traditional example: the best lawyer in town is also the best typist in town. Since this lawyer cannot afford to give up precious time from legal and typing matters. But the typist’s comparative disadvantage is least in typing. Therefore, the typist has a relative comparative advantage in typing.
