阅读理解之主旨题专项训练
一、主旨题类型：
①文章最佳标题(title/topic) ②概括文章中心大意(main idea)
③文章段落大意(topic) ④写作目的（purpo）
二、常见题干：
文章大意∶What's the main idea of the text? / What does the author want to tell us?
段落大意∶What's Paragraph 1mainly about?
文章标题∶Which of the following can be the best title of the text?
写作目的∶What's the purpo of the passage / What is the passage intended to do?
三、技巧点拨：
1.正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。
2.正确的选项一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
3.那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项往往有一个正确答案。
4.四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个正确答案。
5.干扰项特点：A: 概括范围太窄，只含局部信息。B: 概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。C: 无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。
四、实战演练：
1.（2020·新课标Ⅰ，D）
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific rearch. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houplants.
What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.乌梅有什么功效
作文开头
D. Benefits from green plants.
2.【2019·全国卷I，D】
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status ekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
What is the cond paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular.
怎么做小本子
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The caus of dishonorable behavior
3.【2019·浙江卷，C】
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
What is the cond paragraph mainly about?
忙的反义词
A. The riousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
4.【2019·江苏卷，B】
Most of us，when we talk about volcanoes，think of the classic cone(圆锥体)shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro，which are created when erupting magma(岩浆)piles up. The can form remarkably quickly. In 1943，a Mexican farmer was surprid to e smoke rising from a small part of his land. In one week he was the confud owner of a cone five hundred feet high. Within two years it had topped out at almost fourteen hundred feet and was more than half a mile across. Altogether there are some ten thousand of the volca
玛丽鱼noes on Earth，all but a few hundred of them extinct. There is，however，a cond les known type of volcano that doesn't involve mountain building. The are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera. Yellowstone obviously was of this cond type，but Christiann couldn't find the caldera anywhere.
What does the cond-paragraph mainly talk about？
A. The shapes of volcanoes.
B. The impacts of volcanoes.
C. The activities of volcanoes.
D. The heights of volcanoes.
5.（2020·新课标Ⅲ）B
牛奶会上火吗The creative team behind “Apes” ud motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create di
gitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later process it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this ca, one of a realistic-looking ape.
What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The cost of making “Apes.”
B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes.”
D. The performance of real apes.
6.【2018`全国卷II，D】
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focud on their smartphones or, wor, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addiction to smartphones.
B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
冠心病症状C. Abnce of communication between strangers.
D. Impatience with slow rvice.
五、答案解析：
1.D主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
2.胆字组词A 主旨大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status ekers.（临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable 和the status ekers 做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。
