中考英语总动员:不可忽略的数词特色食材
中考英语总动员:不可忽略的数词
英语中的数词包括基数词和序数词两⼤类,它们的⽤法⾮常复杂,为了便于同学们系统地复习数词,现就初中阶段数词的主要内容作以下归纳。
⼀、基本构成
(⼀)基数词——从1数到N
1.1—12的基数词是独⽴的单词,即:one,two,three,four,five,six,ven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve.
2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如:fourteen,venteen等,但13,15,18较特殊,13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen.
3.20—90的整⼗位均以-ty结尾。如:sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊,20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty
,50—fifty ,80—eighty.
4.⼗位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six.
5.百位和⼗位(若⽆⼗位则和个位)之间加and,如:148—one hundred and forty-eight ,406—four hundred and six.
6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(⼗亿)等前⾯即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后⾯加s.如:600—six hundred,8百万—eight million.
7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加⼀个逗号“,”第⼀个逗号前为千(thousand),第⼆个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(⼗亿)。英语中⽆“万”这个词,我们可以⽤“⼏⼗个千(thousand)”表⽰⼏万,“⼏百个千(thousand)”表⽰“⼏⼗万”。如:2,510=two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296=eighty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;274,350=two hundred and venty-four thousand three hundred and fifty.
8.hundred,thousand,million⽤复数形式修饰名词时要⽤“of+复数名词”,如:数以百计的年轻⼈hundreds of young people;数以千计的书thousands of books.注意:hundreds of /thousands of/millions of +复数名词,其前⾯不能加具体的数词,但可加veral或many.
Hundreds of new buildings have sprung up here this year.
Thousands upon thousands of people in South Africa are rising against their oppressors.
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the city every day.
Millions of dollars have gone into the building of this factory.
(⼆)序数词——由基数词转变⽽来,表⽰“这是第N个”
1.⼝诀巧记基数词变序数词:“⼀、⼆、三,特殊记,⼋去…t?,九去…e?,…ve?要⽤…f?替,见…y?变成…i?和…e?,词尾加上…th?,若是遇到⼏⼗⼏,只变个位就可以。”第⼀、第⼆、第三分别:first,cond,third,eight—eighth nine—ninth,five—fifth,twelve—twelfth,twenty—twentieth,forty—fortieth,twenty-five—twenty-fifth.
2其余情况均在基数词后加th.如:six—sixth,nineteen—nineteenth ,hundred—hundredth,thousand—thousandth等。3.序数词有时⽤缩写形式:
first——1st,twenty—cond——22th.
英国肯特大学⼆、数词基本⽤法
(⼀)基数词的基本⽤法
1.定语
Fifty thousand London dockers are out on strike.
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2.主语
数词作主语,谓语动词⽤单数。
如:Two months is quite a long time.
Five is an odd number.
3.宾语或介词宾语
How many do you want?——Eight,plea.
The city has a population of four million.
肉松面包4.表语
We are altogether fourteen.
Five plus ven is twelve.
5.同位语
What work are you to assign us three?
Is there room for us two?
6.基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:⼀个五岁的男孩a
龙吐珠five-year-old boy;⼀座800⽶长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge;⼥⼦400⽶接⼒girls…400-metre relay race.
7.句型:主语+is +about(⼤约)/over =more than(超过)/nearly(接近)+具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long /high /tall /deep /away等。如:长江长6300公⾥。
The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long.
8.表⽰“……⼗”的数词的复数形式可以⽤来表⽰⼈的岁数或年代:He is in his early thirties.
He died still in his forties.
This took place in the 1930s.
(⼆)序数词的基本⽤法
1.序数词主要⽤作定语,前⾯⼀般要加定冠词(或物主代词):
Tom is their cond son.
They celebrated the 10th anniversary of the founding of the republic.
I will never give up,not even on the 1,000th or 10,000th try.
2.有时前⾯可以加⼀个不定冠词来表⽰“再⼀”,“⼜⼀”这样的意思:
We…ll have to do it a cond time.
Shall I ask him a third time?
When I sat down,a fourth man ro to speak.
3.First,cond 等有时可⽤来表⽰“第⼀个⼈(批)”“第⼆个⼈”等:
She was among the first to come and ttle in Dujiashan.
You will be the cond to speak.
4.如果数字较长,序数词总避免使⽤,⽽且读的⽅法也常常简化:
第201房间:Room 201
第319⾯:page 319
第⼀拖拉机⼚:the Number I Tractor Works
第六号车厢:Carriage No.6
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南京路1490号:1490 Nanjing Road
电话号码55――2347:telephone number :55—2347
5. 在谈编了号的东西时,我们可以⽤基数词表⽰顺序:
the first part——part one
the third squad——squad three
the twenty-third ction——ction twenty-three
三、特殊数字的表⽰法
(⼀)年⽉⽇表⽰法
应用题二年级上册
1.年代年代前⽤in.
(in )897 读作(in)eight hundred and ninety-ven
(in )1961 读作(in)nineteen sixty-one (或in nineteen hundred and sixty-one)
(in )1905 读作(in)nineteen and five
(in )1800 读作(in)eighteen hundred
2.⽉份⽉份开头第⼀个字母须⼤写,表⽰“在某⽉”时,⽉份前⾯⽤in.下⾯⽉份后附有缩写式。
(in )January Jan.(in)March Mar.(in)December Dec.
3.⽇期⽤序数词(前需要加the)表⽰;“ 在某⽇”,前⾯⽤介词on.
(on)the first(on)the eighteenth(on)the thirty-cond
4.某年某⽉某⽇
in Sep.1954 on May 17,1960 on Oct.1,1949(读作on October the first,nineteen forty-nine)
注:当年⽉⽇完全⽤数字表⽰时,美国⼈把⽉放在⽇前。8,6,79在英国表⽰June the eighth (79年6⽉8⽇),但是在美国却表⽰August the sixth (79年8⽉6⽇)。党派怎么填
(⼆)时刻表⽰法
1.英语通常⽤at所引导的表⽰时刻。如:
(at)six or six o…clock
鸡肉丝怎么做好吃(at)eight or eight o…clock
2.如说⼏点⼏分,⽤下⾯的⽅法
a)表⽰⼏点过⼏分,⽤介词,但分数须在半⼩时以内包括半⼩时。如:
eleven past ven
a quarter past eight
half past nine
b)表⽰⼏点差⼏分,⽤介词to,但分数需要在半⼩时以上不包括半⼩时。如:two to ven
a quarter to eight
eighteen to nine
注:上午可以⽤am表⽰,下午⽤pm表⽰,例如:
9.50am 11.05pm
(三)分数词表⽰法
1.分数词是以基数词和序数词合成的,基数词代表分⼦,序数词代表分母,除了分⼦是“1”的情况外,序数词都是⽤复数,(分⼦⽤基数词,分母⽤序数词,分⼦⼤
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于“1”,分母则加“s”)如:
1/4 one-fourth 2/3 two-thirds 7/9 ven-ninths 5/12 five-twelfths
2.另外还有下⾯⼀些表⽰法:
1/2 (one)a half 1/4 a (one )quarter 3/4 three-quarters
(四)⼩数的表⽰法
7.8 ——ven point eight
0.4——zero point four
0.125—— zero point one two five
603.09——six hundred and three point oh nine
⼩数作定语时较多:
Its total industrial output value was up 5.6 times in the years.
Our grain output is now 2.4 times that of 1970.
(五)百分数的表⽰法
百分数由per cent 表⽰,常常和by连⽤,作状语也可单独作状语:Its total output value incread by 11.5 per cent over the previous year.
The output of cars in the /doc/4032d7af80eb6294dd886c99.html st year was 24 per cent less than in 1973.
有时⽤作定语宾语等:
The loss of metal has been reduced to less than 20%.
The March figure for output value registered a 37% increa over February.
(六)倍数的表⽰法:
⼀倍⽤once,两倍⽤twice,两倍以上⽤基数词+times.如:5倍five times.
(七)⼀些数学公式的读法:
3+8=11 Three plus eight is eleven.
9-7=2 Nine minus ven is two.
a>b a is more than b.
(⼋)约数的表⽰法
⑴ “多于”⽤more than 或over
This room can hold more than (=over)500 people.这间屋⼦能容纳500多⼈。
⑵ “少于”⽤less than女人的心思
There are less than thirty balls in the basket.篮⼦⾥不到三⼗个球。
⑶ “或……以上”⽤or more
The music hall can hold 7000 people or more.⾳乐厅能容纳7000⼈或7000⼈以上。
⑷ “或……以下”⽤or less
The hou can hold 50 people or less.这座房⼦可容纳50⼈或50⼈以下。
⑸ “⼤约”⽤about,around,nearly等
The box weights about 50 pounds.这个箱⼦重约50磅。
⑹ “左右”⽤or so
In the past ten years or so ,they have changed a lot.在过去的⼗年左右的时间⾥,他们改变了许多。第4页共4 页