神奇宝贝可达鸭
考研英语（阅读）-试卷147
(总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：6，分数：60.00)
拼音ie怎么读
1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）
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解析：
2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）
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解析：
Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsd with the colour, yet it is pe
rvasive in our young girls" lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fus girls" identity to appearance. Then it prents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls" lives and interests. Girls" attraction to pink may em unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century, in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What"s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dress. When nurry colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and x differences became a dominant children" s marketing strategy, that pink fully ca
me into its own, when it began to em inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realid how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that pha was something experts developed after years of rearch into children" s behavior: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s. Trade publications counlled department stores that, in order to increa sales, they should create a "third stepping stone" between infant wear and older kids" clothes. It was only after "toddler" became a common shoppers" term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to gment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did not previously exist.（分数：10.00）
(1).By saying "it is ... the rainbow"(Para. 1), the author means pink（分数：2.00）
A.should not be the sole reprentation of girlhood. √
农村留守儿童
B.should not be associated with girls" innocence.
C.cannot explain girls" lack of imagination.
D.cannot influence girls" lives and interests.
解析：解析：含义题。从作者的语气“such a tiny slice”，“repeatedly”，及第一段结尾作者的态度“I despairedat the singular lack of imagination”可知，作者认为女生的生活充斥着单一的粉色，既无变化也无新意，粉色的东西不应该是女孩生活的全部，就像彩虹有很多种颜色一样，所有A项符合题意。
(2).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?（分数：2.00）
A.Colours are encoded in girls" DNA.
B.Blue ud to be regarded as the colour for girls. √
C.Pink ud to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.
D.White is preferred by babies.
爱的英语
解析：解析：细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段，由“Blue,…symbolized femininity”可知蓝色曾经被认为是女孩子的颜色，B项符合题意，故为正确答案。根据文章第二段第一句话，前半部分是说“女孩对于粉色的关注看起来好像是不可避免的，不知怎么的，就跟存在与她们的基因里一样”，but之后是对前者的否定，故A项不对；根据第二段的第6行“pink was actually considered the moremasculine colour”可以看出C项也不对；根据第二段第4、5行，可以得知，儿童穿白色是属于以前的情况，并非现在的事实，而D项的时态是指一般现在时，时态不符合。红薯减肥
(3).The author suggests that our perception of children" s psychological development was much influenced by（分数：2.00）
A.the marketing of products for children. √
B.the obrvation of children"s nature.
&arches into children" s behaviour.
D.studies of childhood consumption.
解析：解析：细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段首句，“我之前没有意识到，我们对孩子们所固有特性的认知深受市场趋势的支配，包括我们对他们心理发展的核心看法”，这一句可以明显看出相关儿童市场及其产品在左右人们对儿童心理发展的看法上所起的重要作用。B、C、D项均曲解了原文的意思，只有A项符合文章的意思，故为正确答案。
(4).We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advid to（分数：2.00）
A.focus on infant wear and older kids" clothes.
B.attach equal importance to different genders.
C.classify consumers into smaller groups. √
&ate some common shoppers" terms.
解析：解析：细节题。根据关键词定位到原文第四段“splitting kids，or adults，into even
一tinier categorieshas proved a sure-fire way to boost profits”，百货公司为了利益最大化，尽可能细分儿童服装市场。C项将消费者分为更小的群体，符合题意，为正确答案。其他选项不是曲解原文就是没提到，都不符合原文意思。
(5).It can be concluded that girls" attraction to pink ems to be（分数：2.00）
A.clearly explained by their inborn tendency.
B.fully understood by clothing manufacturers.
C.mainly impod by profit-driven businessmen. √
D.well interpreted by psychological experts.
梦见和陌生人打架
解析：解析：推断题。最后一段清晰地揭示了粉色“was popularized as a marketing trick by clothing manu-factures in the 1930s”．所以女孩们对粉色的痴迷完全是商家主导的潮流。C项“主要受利润驱使的商人们的影响”符合原文，故为正确答案，其他几项均没有原文支撑。
Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of nior management decisions, and Europe" s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on European corporate boards. The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to 60 percent. This propod mandate was bora of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up. Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family? "Personally, I don"t like quotas," Reding said recently. "But I like what the quotas do." Quotas get action: they "open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling," according to Reding, a result en in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions. I understand Reding"s reluctance—and her frustration. I don"t like qu
otas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered. After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions—no matter how much "soft pressure" is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example , Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precily becau they remain the exception to the rule. If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children"s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.（分数：10.00）
(1).In the European corporate workplace, generally（分数：2.00）
A.women take the lead.
& have the final say. √
&porate governance is overwhelmed.
D.nior management is family-friendly.
解析：解析：细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段。倒数第二句说欧洲的高管层中男性仍然占绝大多数，结合首句“欧洲并不是性别平等的天堂”，可知答案B项“男性有最终决策权”。A项“女性为首”、D项“高级管理如家庭般友好”与原文相反。C项是对文章overwhelmingly这个词出的干扰项。
(2).The European Union" s intended legislation is（分数：2.00）
皮肤过敏了怎么办 A.a reflection of gender balance. √
B.a reluctant choice.
C.a respon to Reding" s call.
D.a voluntary action.
解析：解析：细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段。欧盟现在正在考虑立法来迫使董事会维持一定的女性比例——最高将达到60％，可见这项立法是性别平等的表现，因此选A项。B项中的“reluctant”是对“Reding’s reluctance”出的干扰项。C项“对Reding号召的反应”，Reding号召的是“voluntary action”。D项“志愿行动”指的是签署达到性别平等目标的协议．与题意不符。
(3).According to Reding, quotas may help women（分数：2.00）
& top business positions. 康师傅红烧牛肉面√
B.e through the glass ceiling.
