2012高考英语第二轮复习易错点系列10
新题型 任务型阅读
孔巢父一、失分归纳：
任务型阅读是近几年安徽、江苏等省在高考中采用的一种读写相结合的新题型。它要求学生在阅读短文以后完成相关的任务。在2010、2011江苏高考中，该题型得分均不超过5分（总分10分），可见学生在获取信息及处理信息的水平方面仍存有较大缺陷。一下是学生常见的几种错误。
常见错误分析与对策
㈠首字母大小写错误
在做任务型阅读时，很多学生往往因为所填单词首字母的大小写失分。尤其当第一空设在标题中时，他们不注意或根本不知道标题中首字母大小写的规则，该大写时小写，该小写时大写。
如：在The__behind the Symbol of Dancing Beijing中他们填入story（应为Story），
而在How to communi-cate____中他们填入Effectively（应为effectively）。
【分析】标题的大小写有两种规则。
第一种为：首单词的首字母大写，其余单词除冠词和介词外首字母大写(如第一个标题)；第二种为：只有首单词的首字母大写，其余均为小写（如第二个标题）。
【易错点睛】这种类型的错误反应出学生做事粗心的坏习惯。只要在下笔之前注意一下与该词处于同等地位的词使用的是什么形式，就能够避免此类错误，经过多次操练后就能够克服。
㈡单词拼写错误
包括长词的拼写错误，如：把convenient拼写成convinent;形式相近词的误用，如：把quality写成quantity;动词形式转化中的错误。
㈢语法错误
1.主谓不一致
不根据主语形式的要求来填写谓语动词的单复数形式。
如：在Educating girls____to social benefits,economicadvantages and health practices,including familyplanning.中填入contribute（应为contributes）。
【分析】当主语是从句或动名词时，谓语动词必须用单数。
2.词性错误
不能熟练准确地根据句式变化对词性实行转换，该用形容词时用了名词，该用名词时却用了形容词或动词等等。
3.从句与非谓语动词转化间的错误
如原文：If someone el is hosting the party，you could offer to bring food to the party，so that youcan prepare something that fits into your diet pro-gram.
题目：Attend someone el’s party along withsome food____into your diet program.一些同学在此填入fits（应为fitting）。
【分析】原文中的fits为定语从句中的谓语动词，而题目中需要一个v-ing形式做定语。
【易错点睛】
1.对学生的语法基础知识实行摸底排查，对掌握得较差的语法项目实行专项训练，直到弄懂弄通为止；
2.督促学生做好错题集，并经常复习。
二、跟踪练习：
任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡相对应题号的横线上。
Exerci 1
Have you ever wondered why there are so many skin colours in the world? Do you know why people living in particular areas usually have a certain colour? Biology and history are the two reasons for this.
Skin contains something called melanin, which determines a person’s skin colour. The more melanin a person has, the darker his or her skin will be. The amount of and production of melanin are controlled by genetics, but can be affected by other things, such as sunlight. If a person lives in a place with strong sunlight, his or her skin will protect itlf by producing more melanin, making the skin darker. In a place with less sunlight, a person’s body will produce less melanin, making the skin lighter.
Skin colour is also affected by another source—vitamin D. Humans all need vitamin D to build bones. People can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk, or from sunlight, whi
ch caus vitamin production in the skin. Melanin protects skin by absorbing sunlight, so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be ud for vitamin D production. Therefore, a dark-skinned person will produce less vitamin D than a light-skinned person when they received the same amount of sunlight.
The connection between vitamin D production and skin colour is clear when we look at evolution. The earliest humans lived in Africa, their dark skin covered with hair. When they moved to places that had less sunlight, their bodies produced less vitamin D becau of their dark skin. As a result, their skin made less melanin, so they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D. their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair. Now, people who live in areas with strong sunlight, like Africa, have darker skin, while people living in other areas have lighter skin. The exception to this is the Inuit, who live in a place with little sunlight, but have dark skin becau they eat a lot of fish and have enough vitamin D.
Evolution has given us a rainbow of skin colours. Humans have always had melanin to de
termine our skin colour. What has changed through history is the environment where we have lived. This has in turn changed our melanin production, and eventually, skin colour.
A World of Skin Colour
Brief (71) ▲ | People living in a particular (72) ▲ usually have the same skin colour and there are many different skin colours in the world. |
Reasons for skin colour 训诂学 | The reasons for different skin colours mainly (73) ▲ 内蒙古大学排名 in biology and history. |
Biological reasons | 怎么显示我的电脑●The amount of melanin, by which a person’s skin colour is (74) ▲ , varies from people to people. The more melanin a person has, the (75) ▲ his or her skin will be. ●Vitamin D is another source (76) ▲ 锋芒毕露的近义词 skin colour. Vitamin D is necessary for humans to build bones. Sunlight contributes to vitamin D production in the skin. |
Historical reasons | ●The earliest people in Africa had dark skin with hair covering it becau the sunlight is very strong.. ●When they moved to places where they could not get enough sunlight to (77) ▲ 孝敬父母的话 vitamin D, their skin colour became lighter. ●Generally speaking, people in areas with strong sunlight, have darker skin(78) ▲ people in other areas have lighter skin.金银花几月份开花 |
(79) ▲ | Melanin (80) ▲ an important role in our skin colour. With our living environment changing, melanin production is changed, which leads to the changes in our skin colour. |
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文章大意：文章主要介绍了关于人类不同的肤色是因为生理和历史两方面的原因。
Exerci 2
Host family accommodation, or living with host families, remains popular among language travel students for its advantages. The days, host families are trying to offer more in terms of quality, for they still have something to worry about.
Host family accommodation is often en as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study, cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their “host parents”, and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Another advantage is that host family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students for it ensures them a family type of living at a low cost.
奥利奥英文
