大学英语四级仔细阅读专项强化真题试卷8 右字组词(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1.
Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would em silly to call such a thing a “dia.” On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart dia, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itlf might be en as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency. Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a dia. He said that describing aging as a dia creates incentives to develop treatments. “It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begin treating the dia and not just the side effects,”快捷的近义词 he said. “Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control,” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging rearch as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, an海底两万里好词好句
d can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range. “ But if aging were recognized as a dia, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable. “ 智联简历模板“It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.” Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be incread, which some rearchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them. “There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart dia. But they continue to age, becau aging is parate from their dia,” Hayflick said. “Even if tho caus of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”
1． What do people generally believe about aging?
A．It should cau no alarm whatsoever.
B．They just cannot do anything about it.
C．It should be regarded as a kind of dia.
D．They can delay it with advances in science.
正确答案：B
解析：推理判断题。文章开篇指出，衰老发生在我们所有人身上，通常被认为是生命的自然组成部分。既然是生命的自然组成部分，也就是说衰老无法改变，人们无计可施。由此可推断，人们通常认为他们对衰老无能为力，故答案为B)。
2． How do many scientists view aging now?
A．It might be prevented and treated.
B．It can be as risky as heart dia.
C．It results from a vitamin deficiency.
D．It is an irreversible biological process.
正确答案：A
解析：事实细节题。文章第二段提到，另一方面，科学家越来越认识到衰老和生物学年龄是两码事，前者是诸如心脏病、癌症等多种疾病的主要风险因素。这样看来，衰老本身或许可以看作是能治疗的，就像治疗高血压或维生素缺乏一样。由此可见，现在有许多科学家认为衰老可能被预防和治疗，故答案为A)。
3． What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a dia”?
A．It will prompt people to take aging more riously.
B．It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.
C．It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.
D．It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.
正确答案：D
解析：语义理解题。文章第三段指出，生物物理学家亚历克斯．扎沃洛科夫认为衰老应该被视为一种疾病。他说将衰老描述为一种疾病会促使人们研发治疗方法。换句话说，它将促使医生和药剂师找到治疗衰老的方法，故答案为D)。
诉前财产保全申请书4． What do we learn about the medical community?
A．They now have a strong interest in rearch on aging.
B．They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.
网络改变生活C．They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.
D．They have ways to intervene in people’s aging process.
正确答案：C
解析：推理判断题。第五段最后一句提到，医学界也认为衰老是理所当然的，除了让人们
保持在一定的健康范围内之外，他们对此无能为力。由此可见，他们只能在有限的程度上促进人们的健康，故答案为C)。
5． What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?云南米线
A．The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.
B．Aging is hardly parable from dia.
C．Few people can live up to the age of 92.
D．Heart dia is the major cau of aging.
正确答案：A
解析：观点态度题。第八段提到，旧金山加利福尼亚大学的伦纳德．海弗里克教授说，衰老可以被治愈这一想法意味着人类的寿命可以延长，一些研究人员认为这是可能的。但海弗里克并不这么认为。由此可见，伦纳德．海弗里克教授认为人的寿命不能被延长。A)项中的be prolonged是对原文中be incread的同义转述，故为答案。
Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports. As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new rearch reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too. “Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “ Compare tho excellent letters with a merely good letter: 辣炒虾爬子‘The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid prai,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind. “ Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1, 200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applican
ts were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience. Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with tho less than outstanding letters of recommendation. “We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously xist. Rather, the point is to u the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level.” Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themlves.
6． What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?
A．There are many more men applying than women.
B．Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.
C．More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.
D．Male applicants have more interest in the positions than their female counterparts.
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。第一段第一句指出，和男性申请者相比，女性在申请地球科学博士后时，其获得优秀推荐信的几率大概是男性的一半。也就是说，男性比女性更可能获得优秀的推荐信，故答案为C)。
7． What do studies about men and women in scientific rearch show?
A．Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.
B．Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.
C．Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.
D．Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.
正确答案：C
解析：事实细节题。文章第二段第三句明确指出，研究表明，在STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)领域，他们也被认为比女性更有能力。由此可见，研究表明男性更擅长STEM学科，C)项中的better able to excel是对原文more competent的同义改写，故为答案。
