爱因斯坦眼中的科学与宗教
周三, 2007-03-28 21:11 — nicco
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Albert Einstein on: Religion and Science
说实在的，爱因斯坦对于科学与宗教有很多的阐述，其中也不乏名言，如：science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind.当然爱教授所指的宗教可不是我们想的那么简单啊！不信，就看看爱教授的观点吧！（下面有中文版）
This ction is from Science, Philosophy and Religion, A Symposium, published by the Conference on Science, Philosophy and Religion in Their Relation to the Democratic Way of Life, Inc., New York, 1941.
下面是英文原版：
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It would not be difficult to come to an agreement as to what we understand by science. Science is the century-old endeavor to bring together by means of systematic thought the perceptible phenomena of this world into as thoroughgoing an association as possible. To put it boldly, it is the attempt at the posterior reconstruction of existence by the process of conceptualization. But when asking mylf what religion is I cannot think of the answer so easily. And even after finding an answer which may satisfy me at this particular moment, I still remain convinced that I can never under any circumstances bring together, even to a slight extent, the thoughts of all tho who have given this question rious consideration.
信的结尾怎么写At first, then, instead of asking what religion is I should prefer to ask what characterizes the aspirations of a person who gives me the impression of being religious: a person who is religiously enlightened appears to me to be one who has, to the best of his ability, liberated himlf from the fetters of his lfish desires and is preoccupied with thoughts, feelings, and aspirations to which he clings becau of their superpersonalvalue. It ems to me that what is important is the force of this superpersonal content and the dep
th of the conviction concerning its overpowering meaningfulness, regardless of whether any attempt is made to unite this content with a divine Being, for otherwi it would not be possible to count Buddha and Spinoza as religious personalities. Accordingly, a religious person is devout in the n that he has no doubt of the significance and loftiness of tho superpersonal objects and goals which neither require nor are capable of rational foundation. They exist with the same necessity and matter-of-factness as he himlf. In this n religion is the age-old endeavor of mankind to become clearly and completely conscious of the values and goals and constantly to strengthen and extend their effect. If one conceives of religion and science according to the definitions then a conflict between them appears impossible. For science can only ascertain what is, but not what should be, and outside of its domain value judgments of all kinds remain necessary. Religion, on the other hand, deals only with evaluations of human thought and action: it cannot justifiably speak of facts and relationships between facts. According to this interpretation the well-known conflicts between religion and science in the past must all be ascribed to a misapprehension of the situation which has been described.
For example, a conflict aris when a religious community insists on the absolute truthfulness of all statements recorded in the Bible. This means an intervention on the part of religion into the sphere of science; this is where the struggle of the Church against the doctrines of Galileo and Darwin belongs. On the other hand, reprentatives of science have often made an attempt to arrive at fundamental judgments with respect to values and ends on the basis of scientific method, and in this way have t themlves in opposition to religion. The conflicts have all sprung from fatal errors.
Now, even though the realms of religion and science in themlves are clearly marked off from each other, nevertheless there exist between the two strong reciprocal relationships and dependencies. Though religion may be that which determines the goal, it has, nevertheless, learned from science, in the broadest n, what means will contribute to the attainment of the goals it has t up. But science can only be created by tho who are thoroughly imbued with the aspiration toward truth and understanding. This source of feeling, however, springs from the sphere of religion. To this there also belongs the faith in the possibility that the regulations valid for the world of existence are rational, that is, c
omprehensible to reason. I cannot conceive of a genuine scientist without that profound faith. The situation may be expresd by an image: science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind.
Though I have asrted above that in truth a legitimate conflict between religion and science cannot exist, I must nevertheless qualify this asrtion once again on an esntial point, with reference to the actual content of historical religions. This qualification has to do with the concept of God. During the youthful period of mankind's spiritual evolution human fantasy created gods in man's own image, who, by the operations of their will were suppod to determine, or at any rate to influence, the phenomenal world. Man sought to alter the disposition of the gods in his own favor by means of magic and prayer. The idea of God in the religions taught at prent is a sublimation of that old concept of the gods. Its anthropomorphic character is shown, for instance, by the fact that men appeal to the Divine Being in prayers and plead for the fulfillment of their wishes.
中班社会活动中考阅读
Nobody, certainly, will deny that the idea of the existence of an omnipotent, just, and omnibeneficent personal God is able to accord man solace, help, and guidance; also, by virtue of its simplicity it is accessible to the most undeveloped mind. But, on the other hand, there are decisive weakness attached to this idea in itlf, which have been painfully felt since the beginning of history. That is, if this being is omnipotent, then every occurrence, including every human action, every human thought, and every human feeling and aspiration is also His work; how is it possible to think of holding men responsible for their deeds and thoughts before such an almighty Being? In giving out punishment and rewards He would to a certain extent be passing judgment on Himlf. How can this be combined with the goodness and righteousness ascribed to Him?大鱿鱼须的做法
