高考备考虚拟语气专题精讲（转）word免费版
语气就是我们常说的说话人说话的口气。在汉语中，语气是由说话人说话的语调，情节等等表现 出来的，动词不变。而在英语中，除了语调之外，最主要的是动词发生变化而表示不同的语气。
在英语中语气分类为三类：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
南关清真寺陈述语气: 我们把一句话作为对情况的叙述或询问说出来， 就用陈述语气，用于陈述句，疑问句和感叹句。
祈使语气： 我提出劝告，请求，命令等时，要用于祈使语气。
1. Don’t run！ 别跑！
2. Let’s not talk about it now. 咱们现在不谈论它。
吃木瓜有什么好处虚拟语气： 如果我们所说的不是事实，也不是要求命令，劝告等。而上一种假设，愿望，建议或是一种难以实现的空想，就用虚拟语气。
虚拟语气可用于条件句和其他一些从句中。
一．用于条件句中。
条件句可分两种： 一种是真实条件句， 另一种是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才用虚拟语气， 在真实条件句中，要用陈述语气。
例如：
1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
If you don’t hurry up, you will be late for class. 如果你不快点，你将会迟到的。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）
If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。 （非真实条件状语从句）
If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句）
2、用法及动词形式
从句 主句
与过去事实相反 if+主语+过去时+其他 主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他
与现在事实相反 if+主语+had done +其他 主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他
与将来事实相反 ① if+主语+did/should/were to do
② if+主语+did/be(were) sth
③if+主语+should do 主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
酒驾宣传标语
3．.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）
4．.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）
2. If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测
1. If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小）
2. If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）
3. If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
4、 错综时间条件句
有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。
斜线①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了
If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
转业政策
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
如： If he were free today, we would have nt him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
③ 从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。
如何找回qq如： If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。
If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
5、虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时，条件中的从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。
如： Should he agree to go there, we would nd him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 （If she should agree to go there,……）
批评拼音Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。(If she were here,)
Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。 (If he had learnt about computers,)办税服务厅
6、含蓄条件句
1, 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、分词短语、独立主格结构表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without, but for···等
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。（If you had not instructed me,）
Having known in time, we could have stopped it. 如果我们及时知道的话，我们可能会阻止它。（If we had known in time,）
But for your help, I couldn’t have achieved anything. 要不是你的鼎力相助，我不可能有所成就。 (If you had not helped me/If it had not been for your help,)
2,用相当于if的其他连词表示虚拟结构
在条件从句中除最常见的连词if外，还有下列连词。 otherwi 否则，不然 but for(that) 要不是 unless 除非 so long as 只要 in ca 假如 on condition (that) 条件是…… suppo/supposing (that) 假如 provided/ providing (that) 如果
I was busy last week, otherwi I would have come to e you. 上周我很忙，否则我会去看你的。（If I had not been busy last week, I would have come to e you.）
But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。 (If he had not helped me,)
We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwi we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（If we had known his telephone number, we would have telephoned him.）
3, 通过上下文来表示虚拟。这种情况下，要加以分析。
I would have given you more money, but I was so poor then. 那时我应该再多给你些钱，可是我那时太穷了。 （but引起的这一句子时在真实情况，不是虚拟。这句话写全应该是 I would have given you more money, if I was rich then. But I was so poor then）
7、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句 He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。（从句如If he had not been ill,）
You could have pasd this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。（从句如If you had reviewed well,）
