Chapter 1 Ship Design
第一章 船舶设计
Lesson 1 Introduction
第一课 引言
1.1Definition
1.1 定义
The term basic design refers to determination of major ship characteristics affecting cost and performance. Thus basic design includes the lection of ship dimensions, hull form, power (amount and type), preliminary arrangement of hull and machinery, and major structure. Proper lections assure the attainment of the mission requirements such as good akeeping, performance, maneuverability, the desired speed, endurance, cargo capacity, and deadweight. Furthermore, it includes checks and modifications for achieveme
nt of required cargo handling capability, quarters, hotel rvices, subdivision and stability standards, freeboard and tonnage measurement; all while considering the ship as part of a profitable transportation, industrial, or rvice system.
彩虹英文 术语“基本设计”是指对影响造价和性能的船舶主要参数的确定。因此，基本设计包括船舶主尺度、船体线型、动力（数量和种类）的选取，以及船体、机械设备和主要结构的布置。恰当的选取可保证达到设计任务书的要求，例如良好的耐波性能，操纵性，预期的速度，续航力，舱容和载重量。进一步讲，基本设计还包括校核和修改，以满足货物装卸能力，居位舱，客房设施，分舱和稳性标准，干舷和吨位测量，所有这些都是将船舶当成运输、工业化或服务系统的一部分。
Basic design encompass both concept design and preliminary design. It results in the determination of major ship characteristics, permitting the preparation of initial cost estimates. In the overall design process, basic design is followed by contract design and detail design. Contract design, as its name implies, develops plans and specifications suitable for shipyard bidding and contract award. Well prepared contract plans and specifi
菠菜怎么凉拌好吃cations will be clear and in sufficient detail to avoid costly contingency items and protect bidders from obscure or inadequate description of requirements. Detail design is the shipyard’s responsibility for further developing the contract plans as required to prepare shop drawings ud for the actual construction of the vesl.
白菜豆腐炖粉条的做法
基本设计包含概念设计和初步设计，可以确定船舶主要技术参数，为造价初步估计做准备。再整个设计过程中，基本设计之后紧接着就是合同设计和详细设计。合同设计，顾名思义，需要做出图纸和详细说明书，以便船厂去投标和签约。一套良好的合同图纸和详细说明书应当是非常清晰和详细的，以避免高成本的偶然性项目，并使投标者不出现模糊不请的或不充分的描述。详细设计师船厂进一步完善合同设计的重要任务，以准备施工图用于船舶实际建造。
他变了An understanding of the entire design quence is esntial to anyone eking to develop a basic design. The four steps involved are illustrated in the Design Spiral, Evans (1959) as an iterative process working from mission requirements to a detail design. The steps are amplified further below:
了解整个设计顺序对任何做基本设计的人都是必要的。设计的4个阶段用设计螺线图表示，如图1所示，是从任务书要求到详细设计的循环工作过程，这4个阶段在下面作详细叙述
a.Concept Design. The very first effort, concept design, translates the mission requirements into naval architectural and engineering characteristics. Esntially, it embodies technical feasibility studies to determine such fundamental elements of the propod ship as length, beam, depth, draft, fullness, power, or alternative ts of characteristics, all of which meet the required speed, range, cargo cubic, and deadweight. It includes preliminary light-ship weight estimates usually derived from curves, formulas, or experience. Alternative designs are generally analyzed in parametric studies during this pha to determine the most economical design solution or whatever other controlling parameters are considered determinant. The lected concept design then is ud as a talking paper for obtaining approximate construction costs, which often determine whether or not to initiate the next level of development, the preliminary design.
手指变变变
a 概念设计
概念设计作为整个设计的第一阶段，是将任务书要求转换为船舶建造工程参数。它基本上包括技术可行性研究，确定船舶的基本参数如船长，船宽，船深，吃水，丰满度，动力，或可供选择的参数方案，所以这些应满足所要求的航速，航程，货舱舱容和载重量。这包括基于曲线、公式经验而进行的空船重量初步估算。在这一阶段，通常进过参数分析而进行多方案设计以寻求最经济的设计方案，或者任何其它控制也纳入考虑之中以确定最优方案。确定下来的概念设计就做为讨论文件以获得近似的建造成本，不论是否启动下一阶段的设计——初步设计。
b.静月Preliminary Design. A ship’s preliminary design further refines the major ship characteristics affecting cost and performance. Certain controlling factors such as length, beam, horpower, and deadweight would not be expected to change upon completion of this pha. Its completion provides a preci definition of a vesl that will meet the mission requirements; this provides the basis for development of contract plans and specifications.
b 初步设计
船舶的初步设计将进一步优化那些影响造价和性能的传播主要参数。一些控制 参数如船长，船宽，功率和载重量，在该阶段完成之后不宜再变更。初步设计完成后将为船舶提供一个准确的描述，能够满足任务书要求，并为合同设计图纸和说明书提供基础支撑。iphone听筒
c.Contract Design. The contract design stage yields a t of plans and specifications which form an integral part of the shipbuilding contract document. It encompass one or more loops around the design spiral, thereby further refining the preliminary design. This stage delineates more precily such features as hull form bad on a faired t of lines, powering bad on model testing, akeeping and maneuvering characteristics, the effect of number of propellers on hull form, structural details, u of different types of steel, spacing and type of frames. Paramount, among the contract design features, is a weight and center of gravity estimate taking into account the location and weight of each major item in the ship. The final general arrangement is also developed during this stage. This fixes the overall volumes and areas of cargo, machinery, stores, fuel oil, fresh water, living and utility spaces and their interrelationship, as well as their relationship to other features such as cargo handling equipment, and machinery components.
