grammar
English grammar
单杠二练习一、词性（part of speech）
1. 分类：动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词；（实词）
冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。（虚词）
2.动词：（谓语动词、非谓语动词）
谓语动词：
2.1谓语动词的分类
2.1.1 及物动词& 不及物动词
2.1.2 行为动词& 连系动词
2.1.3 实义动词& 助动词
2.1.4 状态动词& 动作动词
2.1.5 延续性动词& 短暂性动词
2.1.6 单字动词& 词组动词
2.1.7 规则动词& 不规则动词
2.2 谓语动词的时态
2.2.1 一般、完成、进行、完成进行
2.2.2 现在、过去、将来、过去将来
2.3 谓语动词的语态
主动& 被动
2.4. 谓语动词的语气
陈述、祈使、虚拟
四大名著观后感2.5 连系动词
1. 表示状态：
remain, stay, stand, lie,
2. 五起来：
look, sound, smell, taste, feel
3. 表示变化：
become, get, turn, fall, go, run, come, grow ...
4. 表示表象：
em, appear,
形容马的成语安之若素的意思5. 表示证实：
prove, turn out
3. 介词（中介）
以邻为壑的意思
3.1 最常用
前面名词是后面名词的内容用介词：of（在写作中最常用的）
后面名词是前面名词的来源：from
后面名词是前面名词随身携带的一部分或者周围密不可分的一部分：with
后面名词是前面名词的方法、手段、工具：by
后面名词是前面名词的目标和标的：for/to
3.2 时间
后面名词是前面名词的小时间：at
后面名词是前面名词的大时间：in
On（和day有关的）
仿写安塞腰鼓
3.3 地点：
后面名词是前面名词的小地点：at
后面名词是前面名词的大地点：in
around、along、across、
into、in、to(相对，目的)
on（上面）、over（上方、覆盖面积比较大）、above（正上方、垂直距离）
二、句子(ntence)
1分类
1.1 根据句子类型(ntence types)：
1. 陈述句(declarative ntence)
1.1 肯定句(affirmative ntence)：
The film reminded him of what he had en in china.
1.2 否定句(negative ntence)：
Things are not what they en.
I will never agree to their demands.
Earthworms have neither eyes nor ears.
2. 疑问句(interrogative ntence)
2.1 一般疑问句
Does helen always help you with your english?
2.2 特殊疑问句
What’s the good of having a computer if you can’t u it?
2.3 选择疑问句：可以是一般疑问句形式也可以是特殊疑
问句形式。
Shall i sit at this end of the boat or the other end?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
2.4 反意疑问句：陈述句+一般疑问句
Peter had the front door painted green yesterday, didn’t he?
You are too ready to find fault with others, aren’t you?
She doesn’t know his tricks, does she?
3. 感叹句
3.1 what与how引导的感叹句
What an unforgettable moment we’ve had!
What a great surpri that he has won the first place in the writing competition.
Look at the smiling moon, how bright she is!
3.2 其他形式的感叹句
4. 祈使句
4.1 无主语祈使：
Be sure to get here before dinner time.
Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?
4.2 有主语祈使：
You wait one minute.
Don’t you forget it!
Someone answer the phone, plea!
4.3 let引导的祈使句：
Let it be a lesson to us all. 让我们大家从中吸取教训吧
Don’t let there be an accident! 不要出事！
4.4 not引导的祈使句
No smoking!
No passing permitted! 禁止超车！
4.5 无动词祈使
This way, plea!
Away with him! 把他带走！
1.2 根据句子结构(ntence structure)
1. 简单句主谓宾
主系表
2. 并列句简单句+ “，”+ 并列连词+ 简单句
3. 复合句主句+ 从句
4. 并列复合句复合句+ “，”+ 并列连词+ 复合句
2.句子成分
2.1 主语（the subject）：句子叙述的主体（动作的发出者）
Our plane is taking off in five minutes.
Who is speaking, plea?
One tenth of the population are elderly people.
Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.
To say it is one thing, to do it is another.
What we can’t get ems better than what we have.
2.2 谓语（the predicate）：
The room can hold twenty people.
My legs gave out after the long trip.
(长途跋涉后我的腿精疲力尽)
2.3 表语（the predicative）：表述主语特征、状态、身份
He is a light eater but a heavy sleeper.
Is that coffee yours or hers?
Keep still while I photograph you.
That’s where I was born.
2.4 宾语（the object）：动作的承受者
Drug taking is against the law.
He promid to come as soon as possible.
I remember giving her money back last week.
2.5 宾语补足语（the object complement）：宾语补足语和宾语之间是主谓或者动宾关系
His fellows cho him captain of their team.
You’d better leave the door open.
Why didn’t you invite them in?
They found everything in the exhibition in good order.
His words immediately t us laughing.
He wants to make you whom he ud to be.
读课外书的好处
2.6 定语（the attribute）
She is a smart girl.
Here is a stone bridge.
Her new trous looks great.
The boy there needs a pen.
Rowling is a writer full of great imagination.
The future to greet us will be bright.
Anyone who breaks the rule shall be punished.
2.7 状语（the adverbial）
We really want that equipment.
At last we found that the machine is in good condition.
You’ll feel sorry for it some day.
菠菜吃法
Given more time, he would be able to do better.
The dress won’t match your hairstyle if it is shortened.
2.8 同位语（the appositive）
Her mother has three children, two boys and a girl.
Then came the most exciting moment, the one we could never forget.
The good news that she had win the competition plead the whole family.
2.9 独立成分
Hurry up, comrades, or we’ll be late.
Well, here we are at last! 好啦，我们终于到了！
This is all we have got, you e.
2. 基本句型
