中文摘要
常熟
阿来的创作在中国当代文学中是极具鲜明特色的。二十世纪八十年代开始创作以来，阿来以稳健的创作活力，深刻而持久的历史挖掘，独特的叙事方式，重构了川北藏族近一百多年民族发展变迁的图谱。童年时期特殊的生长环境，成就了他文学创作中开放的视野和宽容的态度；他对人类发展历程的沉思，对普通大众命运和精神深处的探寻，因双重文化的交叠，而具有多层次的角度和更宽广的叙述空间。三十多年的文学创作中，阿来始终保持着对文学的敬畏，珍视民间的文化传统，持续地书写人类社会发展中时代交替里个体的存在，命运的更迭，精神的异化，文明的衰落和自然生态的恶化，而将希望寄托于未来生命的延展。阿来在虚构的热情和非虚构的审慎之间，化身历史深处最富诗意的漫游者和灵魂歌者。
本文综合阿来现已出版的作品进行全面的梳理，除绪论和结语之外共分为五个部分。
第一章阿来创作的背景简介。文学是语言的艺术，对于作家来说，应该没有比语言更重要的了。阿来是一个用汉语写作的藏族作家，从小生长在汉藏交界的地带，日常交流的藏语和书面使用的汉语之间的转换，语言深层所蕴含的文化意义，身份的归属，阿来都有独特的体验和感悟，对于他的创作都产生了深远的影响，也具有重要的意义。
第二章主要从历史叙事的角度对文本进行细节分析。纵观阿来小说的整体创作，历史不仅是文学叙事的大背景，更是阿来不断往返的精神领域，对历史的梳理，摊开历史的褶皱，深触历史腹地，延展出的是
现实与未来的宽广空间。第一节主要以阿古顿巴和格萨尔为例分析阿来对民间故事的重构；第二节从《瞻对》入手探讨阿来历史书写中虚构的艺术和非虚构的体验之间相得益彰的文学魅力；第三节关注短篇小说中阿来对历史细节的处理。
第三章主要分析阿来作品中对现代性相关问题的关注和反思。“现代性”一直是阿来文学创作持续关注的主题，科技变革、文明发展、生态循环、人文向度、个体存在等，现代性相关的问题以及对现代性的反思，在阿来的作品中都有所体现。现代的变革必然宣告上一个时代的终结，在新旧时代的夹缝处存在许多
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的“最后”，“最后的猎人”、“最后的马队”、“最后的土司”、“最后的巫师”……它们曾是时代的辉煌，却因时代变迁而悄然衰落，最终以悲壮或惨淡谢幕，被遗忘在时间的废墟中，阿来用文学的方式拂去它们的尘埃，重燃它们的生命最后之光。这些在本章中有进一步的阐释，包括从现代性的视角分析作品中对时间和空间的呈现。
第四章主要透过作品中的动植物意象，来分析阿来的生态伦理观。阿来创作的诗歌和散文数量并不是很多，但是对于了解他的创作历程，以及对他思想观念、小说创作的理解都是十分重要，不可或缺的。自然环境是阿来关注和书写的关键词之一，在诗歌和散文中所占的份量更是重中之重，这一章主
要从这两种文体中感受阿来对大自然的热爱，根据作品中动植物意象来分析和解读阿来对环境污染、生态恶化和人与自然的关系等问题的批判和思考。
第五章主要研究外国文学对阿来创作的影响。二十世纪七十年代，大量的西方文学作品、文化理论和哲学著作等被翻译引进，七十年代末八十年代以后的很多作品都有明显受外国文学影响的痕迹。阿来在开始创作之前就阅读了大量的外国著作，必然受到了一定的影响。这一章通过比较分析，来探寻阿来的创作与外国文学的关系。
关键词：
阿来，文化身份，历史叙事，现代性，生态反思
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Abstract
Alai’s literary works have distinctive characteristics in Chine contemporary literature. Since the 1980’s, Alai has reconstructed a map of national development over one hundred years for Tibetan in the North of Sichuan with steady creation vigor, deep and lasting historical digging and unique narrative style. The opening view and tolerant attitude should be attributed to the special growth envi
ronment in his childhood. His meditation on human development and deep quest for the general public fate and spirit have multi-level perspective and broader narrative space due to dual cultural overlap. In the literary creation of more than 30 years, Alai writes continually with reverence for the literature and value for folk culture the existence of the individual, change of fate, the spirit of alienation, decline of civilization and the deterioration of natural ecology in alternate era of the development of human society and he is pinning hopes on life extension in the future. Alai is as the most poetic striders and soul singer deep into history between fictional enthusiasm and non-fiction prudence.
This paper is clarified into five parts except for the introduction and conclusion, which has scanned and sorted out comprehensively for Alai’s published works.
The first chapter Background introduction of Alai. Literature is the art of language and there should be no more important than words for a writer. Alai is a Tibetan writer and writes in the Chine who grows up in sino-tibetan border zone. Alai has unique experience and comprehension for conversion between daily communication in the Tibetan and paper written in Chine, deep cultural meaning of language and identity, which has exerted a far-reaching important significance.
圆形面积
The cond chapter Throughout Alai’s whole creation of the novel, History is not only a literary narrative context, but also a spirit field moved back and forth continuously by Alai.
A broad space of the reality and the future is stretched out by combing history, spreading the fold of history and touching the depth of history.This chapter mainly analyzes the text from the angle of historical narrative. The First quarter aims to take Agudunba and Gher as examples to analyze Alai’s reconstruction of folk tales; Starting with Zhan Dui, the Second quarter aims to talk about literary charm brought
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out between the art of fiction and non-fiction experience in writing of history; Alai’s handling of the historical details in short stories is focud on in the Third quarter.
The third chapter The theme of “Modernity” continues to be the focus of Alai’s literary creation such as technological reform, development of civilizations, ecological cycle and human dimension. All related issues for Modernity as well as the reflection of modernity are reflected in Alai’s works. A new modern reform must declare the end of last era. There exists lots of “Last Ones” in cracks in the turn of the old and new era such as “the last hunters”, “the last mission”,“the last headmen”,“the last Wiza
rds”…who once stood for the era of glory, but have been quietly fading with time change and have taken curtain call finally in the solemn or gloom, forgotten in the ruins of the time. Alai brushes their dust from the angle of literary, renewing their last light of life which is explained further in this chapter as well as the analysis of rendering of time and space in text from the angle of modernity.
小学辅导The forth chapter There are not many poems and pros created by Alai, but have played an important and indispensable role for his creative process, ideas and understanding of novel. Natural environment, one of the key words focud and written by Alai, is playing a more important. role in poems and pros. Alai’s love of nature is felt from the two kinds of writing style in this chapter, Alai’s criticism and reflection for ecological degradation, environmental pollution, relationship between human and nature and so on are analyzed and explained according to the images of animals and plants in text.
The fifth chapter During the 1970’s, lots of western literary works, culture theory and philosophical works were translated and introduced, which has influenced Chine works in the late venty’s and early eighty’s. Alai who read a large number of foreign books before his writing is inevitably influenced. This chapter explores the impact of foreign literature on Alai’s creation through comparative study.
Key word:
Alai, Cultural identify, History narratives, Modernity, Ecological reflection
桌球英语IV
目 录
绪论 (1)
一、研究对象与选题意义 (1)
丰富的英文黄山门二、研究现状与方法 (5)
第一章“流浪者”之歌 (21)
第一节语言间的流浪——“我是一个用汉语写作的藏族人” (21)
一、嘉绒之子：藏族村落中的成长 (21)
二、汉语教育：在通向文学的途中 (23)
第二节“这是命运赐予我的名字”——民族融合中的身份困惑 (25)
一、血缘上的民族融合 (25)
二、多元文化格局中的身份建构 (26)
第三节文学——关于灵魂的歌唱 (29)
一、当文学遇上音乐 (29)
二、文学就是信仰 (31)
第二章“落不定的尘埃”：历史的召唤 (33)
第一节呼唤英雄——民间故事的重述 (33)
一、人物与原型：阿古顿巴 (34)忆母
二、英雄与凡人：格萨尔 (38)
第二节必须承受的历史之重——《瞻对》的非虚构叙事 (41)
一、“虚构”的真实和“非虚构”的幻象 (42)
二、寻根与超越：“一切历史都是当代史” (44)
第三节“避重逐轻”——“事物”之重与形式之轻 (48)
一、细节的力量：《空山》之机村事物笔记 (48)
二、笑的假面：短篇小说中的喜剧意味 (51)
第三章存在与时间 (57)
第一节说不尽的“傻子” (57)
一、孤独而睿智：“傻子”形象的存在状态 (57)
水泥粉煤灰碎石桩二、“那个傻子就是我”：“我”与作者的虚实相生 (66)
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