Four Great Inventions of Ancient China
1、（江晓彤）China held the world's leading position in many fields in the study of nature, from the 1st century before Christ to the 15th century, with the four great inventions having the greatest global significance.年金计算公式
Papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass - the four great inventions of ancient China are significant contributions of the Chine nation to world civilization.
Four Great Inventions of Ancient China —— printing
2、（姜雪洁）With the inventions of paper and ink, stamper gradually became popular during the Jin Dynasty （265-420）, which wasthe early form of Carved Type Printing. Block Printing first appeared in the Tang Dynasty （618-907）. The text was first written on a piece of thin paper, then glued face down onto a wooden plate. The characters were carved out to make a wood-block printing plate, which was ud to print the text. Wood-block printing took a long time as a new block had to be carved for every page in a book. 最打动人心的励志句子
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3、（兰惠）It took a lot of time and energy as well as materials to prepare for printing a book, but it worked more effectively afterwards. This technology was gradually introduced to Korea, Japan, Vietnam, and the Philippines.
Yet, Block Printing had its drawbacks —— all the boards became uless after the printing was done and a single mistake in carving could ruin the whole block. The frontispiece of the world's oldest surviving book, the Diamond Sutra printed in the year 868, was discovered at Dun huang Cave, along the Silk Road. The book, in the form of a roll, is the earliest woodcut illustration in a printed book.
4、（梁家正）Movable Type Printing （活字印刷）
Block Printing was a costly and time-consuming process, for each carved block could only be ud for a specific page of a particular book, besides, a single mistake in carving could ruin the whole block. However movable type changed all of that.
In the Song Dynasty （960-1279）, a man named BiSheng carved individual characters
on identical pieces of fine clay. Each piece of movable type had on it one Chine character which was carved in relief on a small block of moistened clay. After the block had been hardened by fire, the type became hard and durable and could be ud wherever required. The pieces of movable type could be glued to an iron plate and easily detached from the plate. Each piece of character could be asmbled to print a page and then broken up and redistributed as needed. When the printing was finished, the pieces were put away for future u.
5、（刘蓓）By the year1000, paged books in the modern style had replaced scrolls. Two color printing （black and red） was en as early as 1340.
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This technology then spread to Korea, Japan, Vietnam and Europe. Later, German Johann Gutenberg invented movable type made of metal in the1440s. Movable Type Printing developed very fast. Bad on clay type, type made of wood, lead, tin and copper gradually appeared.
Four Great Inventions of Ancient China—— Gunpowder梅州旅游景点大全介绍
6、（刘鑫）The invention of gunpowder had a clo relationship with the advanced ancient workmanship of smelting industry. People began to know a lot of chemistry knowledge about the nature of different mineral materials during the process of smelting operation. With the knowledge, ancient necromancers tried to ek the elixir of immortality from certain kinds of oresand fuel. Although they failed to get what they were looking for, they discovered that an explosive mixture could be produced by combining sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter （potassium nitrate）. This mixture finally led to the invention of gunpowder although its exact date of invention still remains unknown.
拓展培训7、(刘雅梦)Many historical materials indicate that gunpowder first appeared before the Tang Dynasty （618-907）. From 300 to650AD veral recipes were written about inflammable mixtures. Some historians date the invention of gunpowder at 850AD when a Taoist book warned of three specific elixir formulas as too dangerous to experiment.
The military applications of gunpowder began in the Tang Dynasty. Explosive bombs filled with gunpowder and fired from catapults were ud in wars. During the Song and Yuan d
ynasties （960-1368）, the military applications of gunpowder became common and some other weapons like "fire cannon", "rocket", "missile" and "fireball" were introduced.蔓越莓曲奇饼
大便有粘液In the Yuan Dynasty （1279-1368）, the method of powder-making was introduced to the Arab world and Europe, bringing a ries of revolutions to weapon manufacturing, as well as to stratagem and tactics on the battlefield. From Italy the making of gunpowder soon spread to other European countries, and by the1350s it had become an effective weapon on the battlefield.
Four Great Inventions of Ancient China—— Paper
8、（陆修志）China was the first nation who invented paper. The earliest form of paper first appeared in the Western Han Dynasty （206BC-23AD）, but the paper was generally very thick, coar and uneven in their texture, made from pounded and disintegrated hemp fibers. The paper unearthed in a Han tomb in Gansu Provinceis by far the earliest existing ancient paper, tracing back to the early Western Han Dynasty.
