中考非谓语动词
非谓语动词的逻辑主语是该非谓语动词动作的承受者时，一般要用非谓语动词的被动式。如何在句中使用这些被动式呢？现分述如下：
（1）动词不定式的被动式
①用作句子的真正主语。如：
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
我很荣幸应邀在这里讲话。
It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings.
经常有人提醒我们自身的缺点是有必要的。
②用作某些动词的宾语。如：
He asked to be nt to work in Tibet.
他请求派他到西藏去工作。
ipdi
He hated to be flattered.
他讨厌别人对他阿谀奉承。
③用作表语。如：
What I want is to be left alone.
我只想一个人呆在这里。
The question is what is to be done next.
问题是下一步该干什么。
④用作宾语补足语。如：
He wanted the paper to be typed at once.
他要求立刻把文件打出来。
They didn’t expect the book to be so well received.
他们没有想到这本书受到读者如此的厚爱。
⑤用作主语补足语。如：
The book are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.
这些书不许带出阅览室。
The date is expected to be announced before long. 估计具体日期不久就会公布于众的。
⑥用作名词的后置定语。如：
Are you going to the banquet to be given at the embassy?
你打算去参加大使馆的宴会吗？
It will be the first such project to be designed by Chine engineers.
这将是中国工程师设计的第一项这种类型的工程。
⑦用作状语。如：
The children are going to the hospital to be inoculated.
孩子们将去医院打预防针。
She was not old enough to be given such heavy work.
她年龄还小，不宜让她干这么重的活。
有时可用不定式的完成被动式，表示当时已经完成的被动动作。这样的被动式可在句中充当上面所述的各种语法成分。如：
It was a good thing for him to have been criticized.
他受到批评是件好事。（to have been criticized作真正的主语）
（2）动名词的被动式
①用作句子的主语。如：
His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
主人对他的冷漠使他更加不舒服。
So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.
因此被鲨鱼吃掉是经常发生的事。
②用作动词宾语或介词宾语。如：
He didn’t mind being left at home.
他并不介意把他留在家里。
She couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.
她不能容忍别人如此嘲笑她。
We congratulated him on his being admitted to the Party.
教室里的掌声作文我们祝贺他入党了。
They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers.
土豆蛋饼他们坚持要大家把他们当作普通工人看待。
如果要表示已经发生的被动动作，则应使用动名词的完成被动式。如：
自查自评报告
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.
我不记得谁曾给过我试验这种方法的机会。
(3)现在分词的被动式
①用作名词的后置定语，表示当时正在进行的被动动作。如：
The building being repaired is our library.
现在正在修维的那座楼房是我们的图书馆。
This is one of the experiments being carried out in our laboratory.
这是我们实验室里正在进行的实验之一。
②用作宾语补足语，表示当时正在进行的被动动作。如：
You’ll find the topic being discusd everywhere.
你会发现到处都在议论这个话题。
As we approached the village,we saw new hous being built.
走近村子时，我们看到那里正在盖新房。
③构成独立主格结构作状语。如：
The key having been lost,she couldn’t enter her room.
由于把钥匙丢了，所以她进不了屋。（The key having been lost作原因状语）
The decision having been made,the next problem was how to make a good plan.
决定作出后，下一个问题就是如何制定一个好计划。（The decision having been made作时间状语）
2.turn用作名词，表示年终奖一般多少“顺次”，常见的短语、句型有：
(1)by turns轮流、交替
e.g.They wash dishes by turns.
他们轮流洗碗碟。
She went hot and cold by turns.
她一阵发热，一阵发冷。
(2)in one’s turn(常用作插入语)轮到某人也（做某事），也
e.g.They,in their turn,made a proposal.
他们接着也提出了一个建议。
（3）in turn依次，轮流
e.g.speak in turn依次发言
Theory is bad on practice and in turn rves practice.
理论的基础是实践，又转过来为实践服务。
(4)on the turn正在转变中；（牛奶）正在变酸
e.g.His luck is on the turn.
他时来运转了。
The milk is on the turn.
这牛奶快要变酸了。
(5)rve one’s/sb.’s turn合某人之用，有助于达到某人所要达到的目的
e.g.This hoe will rve my turn.mid函数怎么用
这把锄头我用着合适。
(6)take turns轮流，依次
e.g.The nurs and doctors take turns to be on night duty.
护士和医生轮流值夜班。
(7)It’s one’s turn to do sth.
轮到某人做某事
e.g.It’s your turn to keep guard.
轮到你放哨了。
Ⅲ.词语辨析
1.live on,depend on,make a living by doing sth.,live by
(1)live on表示“靠……为生/过活”时，介词on的宾语一般是维持生命的主要食物和主要经济来源，也能接人，但表示的是“靠某人的钱生活”之意。如：
I don’t know what he lives on.
我不知道他以何为生。
She still lives on her parents’ wages.=She still lives on her parents.
她仍靠她父母的工资生活。
(2)如果表达“靠某人过活”,可用depend on/upon。如：
Tom has to depend on his parents(for support).
汤姆只好靠他父母过活。
Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.
小孩的衣食均依赖于父母。
3.表示靠某种职业或工作为生时，常可用make a living by doing sth.或live by doing
sth.。如：
She makes a living by teaching.(=She lives by teaching.)她靠教书为生。
不典型川崎病
2.insist on,stick to,keep on,persist in
(1)insist on意思是“demand or maintain persistently”,“坚决要求，坚持认为”，是对要求、看法、意见或主张的“坚持”。“on”是介词，后面接名词或动名词作宾语。如：
She insisted on her opinion at the meeting.
她在会上坚持自己的意见。
She insisted on going with us.
她坚持要和我们一起去。
(2)“stick to”的意思是“persist in,not abandon”,是对“尘土飞扬打一个字愿望、原则、决定、诺言、意见、理想或某种理论”的坚持不渝。“to”是介词，接名词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式。如：
We should stick to the study of Marxism-Leninism.
我们应当坚持研究马列主义。
We stick to the point that theory comes from practice.
我们应当坚持理论来源于实践的观点。
We stick to what is right and correct what is wrong.
